Chapter 4,5,6 Study Questions

Question 1

Which of the following would be considered a basic form of matter?

Answer 1

Solid and Liquid

Question 2

The quantity of matter that makes up any physical object is called the:

Answer 2

Mass

Question 3

Which of the following is located in an orbit around the nucleus of an atom?

Answer 3

Electron

Question 4

Which of the following has a negative (-) electrical charge?

Answer 4

Electron

Question 5

Which of the following are considered fundamental particles of atoms

Answer 5

Neutrons and Photons

Question 6

When a neutral atom gains or loses an electron, the atom is said to be:

Answer 6

ionized

Question 7

Mechanical energy can be classified as either kinetic energy or

Answer 7

Potential Energy

Question 8

X-rays consist of

Answer 8

Electromagnetic Energy

Question 9

X-rays with greater energy have a shorter____and or more penetrating.

Answer 9

Wavelength

Question 10

Of the following types of electromagnet magnetic energy, which has the shortest wavelength?

Answer 10

Diagnostic Rays

Question 11

Which of the following are accurate statements regarding the characteristics of X-rays?

Answer 11

They are highly penetrating and invisible and They travel in straight lines at the speed of light

Question 12

The smallest possible unit of electromagnetic energy is the

Answer 12

Photon

Question 13

The term for continuous path for the flow of electrical charges from the power source through one or more electrical devices and back to the source is:

Answer 13

Electrical Circuit

Question 14

The common unit of measure for the potential differences across an X-ray tube is:

Answer 14

Volt

Question 15

The purpose of a transformer is to:

Answer 15

Increase or decrease voltage

Question 16

Which electron shell in the atom is most important for production of X-rays

Answer 16

K Shell

Question 17

Electrons are held in place around the nucleus of the atom by an

Answer 17

Binding Energy

Question 18

Atom gains or loses an electron it is called:

Answer 18

Ion

Question 19

Process of converting AC to DC is called

Answer 19

Rectification

Question 20

One of the most important elements in radiology that is used to create X-rays is

Answer 20

Tungsten

Question 21

X-rays cause ionization in the body.This is a negative effect on the body:

Answer 21

True

Question 22

When a step-up transformer increases voltage from the primary side to the secondary side of the transformer. Amperage is increasing.

Answer 22

False

Question 23

If a transformer has 100 turns on the primary side and 25 turns on the secondary side, it is a step down transformer:

Answer 23

True

Question 24

A transformer with a 500:1 ratio would be a step down transformer:

Answer 24

True

Question 25

X-rays with greater energy have a lower frequency:

Answer 25

False

Question 26

X-rays can cause cancer

Answer 26

True

Question 27

Roentgen discovered x-rays while working with an _____tube.

Answer 27

Crookes

Question 28

An “electron cloud” surrounding the filament of the cathode is referred to as a:

Answer 28

Space charge

Question 29

Free electrons for X-ray production come from the:

Answer 29

Filament

Question 30

The creation of the space charge in the X-ray tube produces:

Answer 30

Thermionic emission

Question 31

The majority of photons and the X-ray beam are created by which process?

Answer 31

Bremsstrahlung interactions

Question 32

More than 99% of the energy of the electron stream is converted into:

Answer 32

Heat

Question 33

The high-speed rotation, 10,000 RPM of the anode enables:

Answer 33

Greater dissipation of heat from high technical factors

Question 34

The degree of angulation of the X-ray tube target will determine the:

Answer 34

Shape of the x-ray beam

Question 35

A dual focused X-ray tube has:

Answer 35

Two filaments and two focal spot sizes

Question 36

The anode heel effect is a phenomenon of X-ray production that results in:

Answer 36

Uneven distribution of radiation within the x-ray field

Question 37

To take advantage of the anode heel effect when making a radiograph of the femur in recumbent anterior posterior projection on a 14x17 inch image receptor at a 40 inch source image receptor distance SID. The patient should be placed so that the:

Answer 37

Head is toward the cathode end of the tube

Question 38

The penetrating power of the X-ray beam is controlled by varying the:

Answer 38

Peak kilovoltage (kVp)

Question 39

The rate of current flow across the X-ray tube is measured in

Answer 39

mA

Question 40

Doubling the mA will result in:

Answer 40

Increased patient dose, twice as many photons in the x-ray beam

Question 41

The unit used to indicate the total quantity of X-ray exposure is:

Answer 41

Milliampere-seconds (mAs)

Question 42

An X-ray exposure is made using the following factors: 200 MA, 0.02 seconds, 70 KVP, 40 inches SID. The value of the mAs for this exposure is:

Answer 42

200 mA x 0.02 seconds = 4

Question 43

The device for removing long wavelength radiation for the primary X-ray beam is the:

Answer 43

Filter

Question 44

X-ray equipment capable of producing 70 KVP more is required to have total filtration of at least:

Answer 44

1.5 mm Al equiv

Question 45

The purpose of rotating the anode of the X-ray tube is to:

Answer 45

Increase the heat capacity of the anode

Question 46

Image sharpness is determined by the:

Answer 46

Size of the effective focal spot

Question 47

Above 70 KVP, what percentage of photons is created by the bremsstrahlung process?

Answer 47

85%

Question 48

The amount of detail seen in the X-ray image is referred to as:

Answer 48

Spatial resolution

Question 49

All of the following devices are located within the low voltage circuit and control console except the:

Answer 49

Step-up transformer

Question 50

The auto-transformers primary purpose is to vary the

Answer 50

Voltage

Question 51

Which transformer is located in the filament circuit?

Answer 51

Step-down transformer

Question 52

The primary purpose of the filament circuit is to:

Answer 52

Heat the x-ray tube filament for the thermionic emission

Question 53

A timer that is capable of producing ultra short exposure times is typical of an:

Answer 53

Electronic timer

Question 54

The primary purpose of a rectifier in a X-ray circuit is to

Answer 54

Change alternating current (AC) into direct current (DC)

Question 55

The primary purpose of the high voltage circuit is to:

Answer 55

Supply the x-ray tube with voltage high enough to produce x-rays

Question 56

The advantages of using a high frequency generator instead of a single phase generator include:

Answer 56

Producing X-rays more efficiently.Requiring less exposure time to produce a given amount of exposure.Producing the greatest amount of X-rays for the same exposure technique.

Question 57

How much can the exposure time be decreased when using three phase X-ray equipment?

Answer 57

40%

Question 58

Automatic exposure control automatically varies the:

Answer 58

Exposure time

Question 59

Into the tube rating chart below, what is the maximum exposure time obtainable at 90 KVP and 500 MA?

Answer 59

1/20 sec

Question 60

Which of the following steps should be used to extend X-ray tube life?

Answer 60

Warm up the anode and do not make repeat exposures near the tube limits.

Question 61

How many heat units are generated using a high frequency generator at 200 MA, 0.10 second and 85 KVP?

Answer 61

2380 HU’s

Question 62

For which type of X-ray exposure system can the technical factors be programmed into the system?

Answer 62

Anatomically programmed radiography (APR)

Question 63

Which transformer is located in the high voltage circuit?

Answer 63

Step-up Transformer

Question 64

How much higher is the percentage of X-rays produced in a three phase X-ray machine?

Answer 64

40%

Question 65

In a high frequency X-ray generator, the standard 60 Hz frequency is increased to about:

Answer 65

6000 Hz

Question 66

The highest power X-ray generator is the:

Answer 66

High-frequency generator

Question 67

The advantage of full wave rectification is that the exposure time can be cut in half.

Answer 67

True

Question 68

The lowest power X-ray machine is a three phase machine

Answer 68

False

Question 69

The shortest exposure times are obtained using high frequency generators

Answer 69

True

Question 70

The heat unit formula for a three phase X-ray generator is: HU= mA x Time x kVp x 1.35

Answer 70

True