Chapter 4 & 5 Review

Question 1

The 4 main tissue types

Answer 1

epithelial, connective, muscle, & nervous

Question 2

Ectoderm

Answer 2

forms the skin

Question 3

Neuroderm

Answer 3

forms the nervous system

Question 4

Endoderm

Answer 4

forms the lining of the digestive tract and its derivatives

Question 5

Mesoderm

Answer 5

forms tissues such as muscle, bones, and blood vessels

Question 6

Tissue Matrix (extracellular matrix)

Answer 6

the non cellular substances surrounding the cells

Question 7

Autopsy

Answer 7

examination of the organs of a dead body to determine cause of death or to study changes caused by disease

Question 8

Biopsy

Answer 8

process of removing tissue samples from patients surgically or with a needle for diagnostic purposes

Question 9

Tight junctions

Answer 9

hold cells together, form permeability barrier

Question 10

Gap junctions

Answer 10

protein channels aid intracellular communication

Question 11

Where in the body do you find pseudo stratified ciliated columnar epithelium

Answer 11

nasal cavities, sinuses, auditory tubes, pharynx, trachea, and bronchi of the lungs

Question 12

Where in the body do you find transitional epithelium found?

Answer 12

lining of urinary balders, uterus, and superior urethra

Question 13

Endocrine Glands

Answer 13

no open contact with exterior, no ducts, produces hormones

Question 14

Exocrine Glands

Answer 14

open contact maintained with exterior ducts

Question 15

Fibroblasts

Answer 15

cells that form fibers connective tissue

Question 16

Phagocytosis

Answer 16

the ingestion of bacteria or other material by phagocytes

Question 17

Stem Cells

Answer 17

have the ability to form or become any kind/ type of cell

Question 18

3 types of fibers found in connective tissue

Answer 18

protein fibers
collagen fibers
elastic fibers

Question 19

Tendons are composed of what

Answer 19

dense regular collagenous connective tissue

Question 20

The external ears are made of what

Answer 20

elastic cartilage

Question 21

The walls of arteries are made of what

Answer 21

dense irregular elastic connective tissue

Question 22

Whats the main function of proteglycon molecules

Answer 22

major component of the extracellular matrix, the filler substance existing between cells

Question 23

Why does cartilage heal slowly

Answer 23

it has poor blood and nerve supply

Question 24

The human skeleton comes form fa fetal skeleton which is composed entirely of

Answer 24

hyaline cartilage

Question 25

Bone Trabeculae

Answer 25

spaces between the bones and platelets

Question 26

Where are blood cells produced

Answer 26

red bone marrow

Question 27

Osteocytes

Answer 27

fully matured bone cells

Question 28

Osteoblasts

Answer 28

cells that secrete the matrix for bone formation

Question 29

Osteocytes

Answer 29

multi-nucleate bone cells that absorb bone tissue during growth and healing

Question 30

Axon

Answer 30

conducts impulses away from cell body | only 1 axon per neuron

Question 31

Dendrites

Answer 31

receive impulses from other neurons | many dendrites per axon.

Question 32

Neuroglia

Answer 32

supports cells of the brain, spinal cords, and nerves | nourishes, protects, and insulates neurons

Question 33

Serous Membrane

Answer 33

lines cavities that do not open to the exterior of the body

Question 34

Synovial

Answer 34

line freely moveable joints

Question 35

Mucous

Answer 35

lines cavities and canals that open to the outside of the body

Question 36

Redness, Heat, Swelling, Pain, & Disturbed Function are all symptoms of what

Answer 36

Local Inflammation

Question 37

Secondary Union

Answer 37

edges of wound are not closed; greater chance of infection

Question 38

Desquamation

Answer 38

the shedding of the outermost layer of a tissue (such as skin)

Question 39

Langerhans Cells

Answer 39

part of the immune system

Question 40

Keratinization

Answer 40

cells move outward through the layers, they fill with keratin, die, and serve as a layer that resists abrasion and forms permeability layer

Question 41

What is thick skin

Answer 41

skin that has all 5 epithelial strata and the stratum corneum, has many cell layers

Question 42

Melanocytes

Answer 42

cause skin color, they produce melanin

Question 43

Albinism

Answer 43

deficiency or absence of pigment

Question 44

Cyanosis

Answer 44

blue color caused by decrease in blood O2 content

Question 45

Fingerprints are projections of the epidermis called what

Answer 45

dermal papillae

Question 46

What are the 2 types of hair

Answer 46

vellus hairs and terminal hair

Question 47

Vellus Hairs

Answer 47

short fine and uncolored

Question 48

Terminal Hair

Answer 48

thick pigmented hair

Question 49

Average rate of hair growth is what

Answer 49

0.3mm a day | may vary depending on location

Question 50

Arrector Pili Muscles

Answer 50

are smooth muscle that cause hairs to stand on end

Question 51

Eccrine glands produce what

Answer 51

sweat | they can be merocrine or apocrine

Question 52

The skin keeps the body cool through what

Answer 52

radiation and sweating

Question 53

What vitamin begins its synthesis in the skin thats exposed to UV light

Answer 53

Vitamin D

Question 54

Functions of Vitamin D

Answer 54

stimulates uptake of calcium and phosphate from intestines promotes calcium and phosphate release from bones reduces calcium loss from kidneys increase blood calcium levels

Question 55

1st degree burn

Answer 55

only epidermis is damaged

Question 56

2nd degree burn

Answer 56

epidermis and dermis are damaged

Question 57

3rd degree burn

Answer 57

epidermis and dermis are completely destroyed and deeper tissues may be damaged

Question 58

What is the rule of 9's

Answer 58

used to estimate amount of body that is burned

Question 59

The skin has an immune function in that it covers and protects the body from all sorts of what

Answer 59

antigens (bad things)