Chapter 4

Question 1

Biotic factors

Answer 1

Presence or absence of living things.

Question 2

Optimum range

Answer 2

Range in which organism thrives best.

Question 3

Outside the optimal range

Answer 3

Survive not thrive

Question 4

Outside optimum rage

Answer 4

Suffer physiological stress and hypothermia

Question 5

Niche

Answer 5

Environmental conditions, particularly abiotic factors well suited.

Question 6

Extra cellular

Answer 6

Tissue or fluid Outside the cell

Question 7

Intracellular

Answer 7

Liquid inside the cell

Eg Cytosol

Question 8

Homeostasis

Answer 8

The maintenance of a relatively constant internal state despite changes in the external environment within small tolerances.

Question 9

Stimulus response pathway

Answer 9

Stimulus receptor process centre effector response

Question 10

Stimulus

Answer 10

A condition or signal the causes a response

Question 11

Receptor

Answer 11

Cell of gland that detects a stimulus.

Question 12

Effector

Answer 12

Cell, muscle of gland that carries out the response.

Question 13

Chemoreptor

Answer 13

Chemical stimulus

Mouth nose

Question 14

Mechanorexepter

Answer 14

Mechanical stimuli
Pressure, stretch
Skin ear

Question 15

Photoreceptors

Answer 15

Light

Question 16

Thermorecepter

Answer 16

Hot and cold

Question 17

Nocicepter

Answer 17

Pain

Question 18

Osmorecepter

Answer 18

Water

Brain hyper thalamus

Question 19

Positive feedback

Answer 19

Enhances the original stimulus

Question 20

Negative feedback

Answer 20

Cancels of contracts the original stimulus.

Question 21

Conduction

Answer 21

Heat transferred through direct contact, hot to cold.

Question 22

Convection

Answer 22

Transfers heat when hot air or water rises and replaced by cooler air.

Question 23

Evaporation

Answer 23

When water is evaporated and cools the skin

Question 24

Radiation

Answer 24

When infrared waves transfers heat from the object.

Question 25

Vasodilation

Answer 25

Arterioles become wider. Move away from the core. Heat moves to the skin to be lost

Question 26

Vasoconstriction

Answer 26

Artiroles constrict and move inward to the core to conserve heat

Question 27

Hypothalamus

Answer 27

Controls baddy temp and water.....

Question 28

Endotherms

Answer 28

Are capable of producing their own heat

Question 29

Ectotherms

Answer 29

Rely on external sources for heat.

Question 30

Homeothermic

Answer 30

Maintains stable internal temperature regardless of external environment.

Question 31

Poikilothermic

Answer 31

Relies on external heat. Temperature varies

Question 32

Structural adaptation

Answer 32

Shape size

Question 33

Physiological adaptation

Answer 33

Chemical | Organs

Question 34

Behavioural adaptations

Answer 34

Burrowing | Conscious movement

Question 35

Beta cells

Answer 35

Insulin

Question 36

Glucagon

Answer 36

Alpha cells

Question 37

Hyperglycaemia

Answer 37

High concentration of glucose in blood

Question 38

ADH

Answer 38

Hypothalamus | Makes the kidney more permeable

Question 39

Metabolism

Answer 39

All chemical process in the body

Question 40

Thyroxine

Answer 40

Increases metabolic activities within most tissues

Question 41

TSH

Answer 41

Thyroid | Stimulating hormone between pituitary gland and thyroid gland

Question 42

TRH

Answer 42

Thyrotrophin Releasing hormone that is between hyper thalamus and pituitary gland Single hormone

Question 43

Hyperthyroidism

Answer 43

Too much thyroxin/ overactive thyroid gland

Question 44

Hypothyroidism

Answer 44

Too little thyroxin/ not active enough | Gland swells- goitre

Question 45

Abiotic factors

Answer 45

Physical and chemical factors | Eg temp, water, gases.