What was the greatest honor for a Spartan?
Dying for the polis.
How many helots were there to Spartans?
10-1 ratio.
Which group of helots continually threatened revolt?
The Messenians.
What did the Spartans focus their system on?
1) Preserving their helot based society. 2) Guaranteeing security via military strength.
What form of government did the Spartans retain long after its demise in other city-states?
The Two-King System.
In practice, by whom was Sparta ruled?
A small council of elderly military generals.
Who had more free women: Athens or Sparta?
Sparta.
Name three of Solon’s reforms.
Reigned in the power of wealthy elites, canceled many debts, freed poor Athenians, allowed the poorest Athenian males to sit in the assembly, and granted full citizenship to craftsmen.
What crops did Athens grow and for what purpose?
Grapes and Olives. They grew them for export.
What is another name for the Golden Age?
The Periclean Age after the great leader Pericles.
What type of government did the Athenians have in the Golden Age?
Direct Democracy.
How was the Athenian Council of Five Hundred chosen?
By lot among all male citizens.
True or False: The Greeks rejected the idea of slavery.
False
What were Athenian men in pursuit of?
More leisure time.
Describe Greek Paintings and Sculptures.
Realistic depictions of the idealistic state of man.
Where did Drama originate?
Greece
Name three great Athenian dramatists.
Aeschylus, Sophocles, Euripides, and Aristophanes.
Who wrote the histories of the Persian Wars?
Herodotus.
Who wrote the history of the Peloponnesian War?
Thucydides.
What were the philosophers who speculated about the natural world called?
Cosmologists.
Who claimed that man was the measure of all things?
The Sophists.
Who claimed the Sophists teaching was insufficient and shed light on the purpose of life and moral values?
Socrates.
What was Socrates style of teaching called?
The Socratic-Method.
How did Socrates die?
Condemned by a jury to drink Hemlock.
Who carried on Socrates teaching and was Socrates most famous pupil?
Plato.
What was one of Plato’s famous analogies?
The cave.
What did Plato abandon faith in and propose to replace it?
Plato abandoned faith in Athenian direct democracy. He suggested a philosopher-king instead in the Republic.
Who further secularized Plato’s notions and ideas?
Aristotle.
Who’s famous for saying, “nothing in excess”?
Aristotle.
Who did Aristotle suggest should rule?
The middle class.
What was the Delian League?
An organization of city-states that joined with Athens to prevent further invasions.
Who ended up controlling the Delian League?
Athens.
What contributed to the Peloponnesian War?
The rise of Athen’s hegemony through the Delian League.
What was the immediate cause of the Peloponnesian War?
A smaller civil war between Corinth and Corcya.
Who won the Peloponnesian War?
Sparta.
What did Sparta force Athens to do?
Dismantle their walls and the Delian League.
What was the real consequence fo the Peloponnesian War?
Greek Civilization.
What happened as soon as the law was emphasized as a human creation?
The respect for the law decreased.