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Bio 361 Exam 1 > Chapter 4 > Flashcards

Chapter 4 Flashcards

1
Q

what is one of the largest organs of the body?

A

the vertebrate integument

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2
Q

what are 8 exasmples of what epidermis forms?

A
  1. hair
  2. feathers
  3. baleen
  4. claws
  5. nails
  6. horns
  7. beaks
  8. some scales
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3
Q

the superficial layers in contact with the outside environments is the ——–, below it is the —— and between them is the ——- ———

A

epidermis/dermis/basement membrane

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4
Q

epidermies derives from what?

dermis derives from what?

A

epidermis=ectoderm

dermis=mesoderm and mesenchyme

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5
Q

plies:

A

collagen fibers woven into distinct layers

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6
Q

mucus seems to afford some protection from what?

A

bacterial infection and helps ensure the laminar flow of water across the surface.

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7
Q

in terrestrial vertebrates the epidermis covering the body often forms an outer keratinized layer called what?

A

stratum corneum

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8
Q

where dermal contributions predominate, especially in the form of ossified dermal bone, the fold is termed what?

A

a dermal scale.

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9
Q

epidermal scale:

A

where the epidermal contribution predominates, especially in the form of a thickened keratinized layer.

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10
Q

what are the 4 scales?

A
  1. Placoid scale
  2. Cosmoid scale
  3. Ganoid scale
  4. Cycloid-ctenoid scale
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11
Q

do fish have a keratinized surface?

A

no

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12
Q

what allows the skin of a fish to bend without wrinkling?

A

collagen within the dermis

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13
Q

do fish have dermal or epidermal scales?

A

dermal

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14
Q

unicellular glands include what 2 cells?

A
  1. club cells

2 granular cells

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15
Q

in chondrichthyes or cartilaginous fishes, what is absent and what scales do they have?

A

dermal bone is absent and placoid scales persist

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16
Q

in bony fishes do dermal scales peirce the epidermis?

A

no

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17
Q

do cosmoid scales have more enamel or dentin?

A

dentin. On top of the dentin is a thin strip of enamel

18
Q

gars have what kind of scales?

A

ganoid scale

19
Q

ganoid scale is characterized by what?

A

a thick surface coat of enamel without an underlying layer of dentin. Ganoid scales are shiny because of the enamel

20
Q

what are the 2 kinds of teleost scales?

A
  1. cycloid scale

2. ctenoid scale

21
Q

muticellular glands are more common in the skin of —— than of fishes

A

tetrapods

22
Q

cutaneous respiration:

A

a form of gas exchange between the air and capillary beds in the lower epidermis and dermis

23
Q

what is smaller mucous glands or poisoon glands?

A

mucous

24
Q

if you examine the skin of a larval amphibian you may also find what kind of cells that are thought to secrete antimicrobial products onto the skin surface?

A

leydig cells

25
Q

what does reptiles have more of and less of compared to amphibians?

A

more keratinization and less skin glands

26
Q

do reptiles have dermal scales?

A

no, epidermal scales

27
Q

the junction between adjacent epidermal scales is what?

A

flexible hinge

28
Q

feathers are non——– and non——–

A

nonvascular and nonnervous

29
Q

pterylae:

A

distinctive tracts in which feathers are found on birds

30
Q

what is feathers embryological origin?

A

develop embryologically from feather follices, invaginations of the epidermis that dip into the underlying dermis

31
Q

in mammals, the surface keratinized cells are continually lost and replaced by cells arising primarily from the deepest layer of the epidermis, called what?

A

stratum basale

32
Q

what are the 5 regions of the epidermis in a mammal from bottom to top?

A 
1. stratum basale
2,. stratum spinosum 
3. stratum granulosum 
4. stratum lucidum 
5. stratum corneum
33
Q

what 3 things occupy the mammalian dermis but do not reach into the epidermis?

A
  1. blood vessels
  2. nerves
  3. smooth muscles
34
Q

define nails:

A

are plates of tightly compacted cornified eithelial cells on the surface of fingers and toes

35
Q

only ——- have nails

A

primates

36
Q

what is the material found under nail, claw, or hoove?

A

subunguis

37
Q

true antlers:

A

occurs in members of the family cervidae (deer,elk and moose). typically only males have antlers and they are branched and shed annually

38
Q

true horns:

A

are found among members of the family bovidae (cattle, sheep, antelope, goats, bison etc). Commonly horns occur in both males and females and retained year round and continue to grow throughout the lifetime of the individual. The horn is unbranched and formed of a bony core and a keratinized sheath

39
Q

the integument within the mouth of whales forms plates of ——— that act as strainers to extract krill from watrr gulped in the distended mouth

A

baleen

40
Q

does baleen contain bone?

A

no

Bio 361 Exam 1 (4 decks)

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