Chapter 4

Question 1

a set of interrelated, centrally coordinated data files that are stored with as little data redundancy as possible

Answer 1

database

Question 2

the program that manages and controls the data and the interfaces between the data and the application programs that use the data stored in the database

Answer 2

database system

Question 3

analyzing large amounts of data for strategic decision making

Answer 3

business intelligence

Question 4

using queries to investigate hypothesized relationships among data

Answer 4

online analytical processing (OLAP)

Question 5

using sophisticated statistical analysis to “discover” unhypothesized relationships in the data.

Answer 5

data mining

Question 6

document that shows the items stored in a file, including the order and length of the data fields and the type of data stored.

Answer 6

record layout

Question 7

How people conceptually organize, view, and understand the relationships among data items

Answer 7

logical view

Question 8

the way data are physically arranged and stored in the computer system

Answer 8

physical view

Question 9

a description of the data elements in a database, the relationships among them, and the logical model used to organize and describe the data

Answer 9

schema

Question 10

the organization wide view of the entire database that lists all data elements and the relationships between them

Answer 10

conceptual level schema

Question 11

an individual user’s view of portions of a database also called a subschema.

Answer 11

external level schema

Question 12

a subset of the schema; the way the user defies the data and the data relationships

Answer 12

subschema

Question 13

a low level view of the entire database describing how the data are actually stored and accessed.

Answer 13

internal level schema

Question 14

information about the structure of the database, including a description of each data element

Answer 14

data dictionary

Question 15

DBMS language that builds the data dictionary, creates the database, describes logical views, and specifies record of field security constraints

Answer 15

data definition language (DDL)

Question 16

DBMS language that changes database content, including data element creations, updates, insertions, and deletions

Answer 16

data manipulation language (DML)

Question 17

high level, english like, DBMS language that contains powerful, easy to use commands that enable users to retrieve sort, order, and display data.

Answer 17

data query language (DQL)

Question 18

DBMS language that simplifies report creation

Answer 18

report writer

Question 19

an abstract representation of database contents.

Answer 19

data model

Question 20

a two dimensional table representation of data; each row represents a unique entity (record) and each column is a field where record attributes are stored.

Answer 20

relational data model

Question 21

a row in a table that contains data about a specific item in a database table

Answer 21

tuple

Question 22

database attribute, or combination of attributes, that uniquely identifies each row in a table

Answer 22

primary key

Question 23

an attribute in a table that is also a primary key in another table; used to link the two tables

Answer 23

foreign key

Question 24

improper database organization where a non primary key item is stored multiple ties; updating the item in one location and not the other causes data inconsistencies.

Answer 24

update anomaly

Question 25

improper database organization that results in the inability to add record to a database

Answer 25

insert anomaly

Question 26

improper organization of a database that results in the loss of all information about an entity when a row is deleted.

Answer 26

delete anomaly

Question 27

a non null primary key ensures that every row i a table represents something and that it can be identified

Answer 27

entity integrity rule

Question 28

foreign keys which link rows in one table to rows in another table must have values that correspond to the value of a primary key in another table

Answer 28

referential integrity rule

Question 29

following relational database creating rules to design a relational database that is free from delete, insert, and update anomalies

Answer 29

normalization

Question 30

using knowledge of business processes and information needs to create a diagram that shows what to include in a fully normalized database

Answer 30

semantic data modeling