Chapter 4

Question 1

is pertinent to the study of international marketing

Answer 1

culture

Question 2

pervasive in all marketing activities

Answer 2

4 Ps

Question 3

constantly adjust their efforts to the market’s cultural demands

Answer 3

marketers

Question 4

act as “agents of change” via innovative products

Answer 4

marketers

Question 5

“software of the mind”

Answer 5

Hoefstede

Question 6

“Culture is invisible”

Answer 6

Edward Hall

Question 7

The sum of the values, rituals, symbols, beliefs, and thought processes that are learned, shared by a group of people, and transmitted from generation to generation.

Answer 7

Culture

Question 8

Resides in an individuals mind, but a large group can be

Answer 8

like-minded

Question 9

“innovations spread faster east to west than north to south”

Answer 9

Jared Diamond

Question 10

“Strong correlations between latitude and per capita GDP”

Answer 10

Philip Parker

Question 11

wrote Wealth of Nations

Answer 11

Adam Smith

Question 12

book that influenced American values and institutions

Answer 12

The Wealth of Nations

Question 13

Germans strict marketing laws stem from

Answer 13

mistrust of propaganda

Question 14

Origins of Culture:

Answer 14

Geography
History
Political Economy
Technology
Social Institutions

Question 15

most important social institution

Answer 15

school

Question 16

elements of culture

Answer 16

values
rituals
symbols
beliefs
thought processes

Question 17

importance of things and ideas

Answer 17

cultural values

Question 18

individual’s self interest vs group interest

Answer 18

individualism/collectivism

Question 19

tolerance of social inequality

Answer 19

power distance

Question 20

tolerance of uncertainty and ambiguity

Answer 20

uncertainty avoidance

Question 21

Competition vs cooperation; acceptance of social roles

Answer 21

masculinity/femininity

Question 22

patterns of behavior and interaction that are learned and repeated

Answer 22

rituals

Question 23

coordinate interactions and set expectations

Answer 23

rituals

Question 24

marriages, funerals, baptisms, graduations

Answer 24

rituals

Question 25

"Culture is communication"

Answer 25

Edward Hall

Question 26

art, music, dance, architecture, folklore, metaphors, dress

Answer 26

aesthetics

Question 27

play a large role in a society's belief system

Answer 27

superstitions

Question 28

difference in perception between East and the West

Answer 28

Focus vs big-picture

Question 29

Being attuned to the nuances of culture so that it can view objectively, evaluated, and appreciated

Answer 29

Cultural Sensitivity

Question 30

are not right or wrong, just different

Answer 30

cultures

Question 31

culture is _____ in nature, it is a living process. Yet is also _____ because culture is conservative and resists change

Answer 31

dynamic | paradoxical

Question 32

society attempts to __________ created by changes in environment

Answer 32

"solve problems"

Question 33

how do cultures solve problems

Answer 33

Cultural borrowing

Question 34

Imitating diversities of other cultures make cultures unique | Adapted to fit each society’s needs

Answer 34

Cultural Borrowing

Question 35

Common language ≠ similar interpretation of word or phrases | Must consider a region’s subcultures

Answer 35

Illusion of Cultural Similarities

Question 36

resistance to change _____ between cultures

Answer 36

varies

Question 37

2 factors determining innovation acceptance

Answer 37

1. ) degree of interest | 2. ) degree of disruption

Question 38

Marketing products similar to ones already on the market in a manner as congruent as possible with existing cultural norms

Answer 38

cultural congruence