Chapter 4 Flashcards
(20 cards)
Bill of Rights
The first 10 amendments to US Constitution
Checks and Balances
The system by which each of the three branches of the national government (executive, legislative, and judicial) exercises checks on the powers of the other branches
Commerce Clause
The provision of article 1 section 8 of the US Constitution that gives Congress the power to regulate interstate commerce
Compelling Government Interest
A test of constitutionality that requires the government to have compelling reasons for passing any law that restricts fundamental rights such as free speech or distinguishes between peoples face on a suspect trait
Due Process Clause
The provision of the fifth and 14th amendment to the constitution that guarantee that no person shall be deprived of life liberty or property without due process of law similar clauses are in most stare constitutions
Equal Protection Clause
The provision of the 14th amendment to the constitution that guarantees that no state will “deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of laws“this clause mandates that state governments treat similarly situated individuals in a similar manner
Establishment Clause
The provision of the first amendment to the U.S. Constitution that prohibits Congress from creating any law “representing an establishment of religion”
Federal Form of Government
Is a system of government in which the states form a union and the sovereign power is divided between a central government and the member states
Filtering Software
A computer program that includes a pattern through which data are past. When design the to block access to certain websites, the pattern blocks the retrieval of a sites who’s URL or keywords are on a list within the program
Free Exercise Clause
The provision of the first amendment to the US Constitution that prohibits Congress from making any law “prohibiting the free exercise“ of religion
Full Faith and Credit Clause
A clause in article IV, section 1 of the constitution the provides the “full faith and credit shall be given in each state to the public acts, records, and judicial proceedings of every other state.“ The clause ensure that the rights established under deeds, wills, contracts and the like in one state will be honored by the other state and that any judicial decision with respect to such property rights will be honored and enforced in all states
Meta Tags
Words inserted into a websites key words field to increase the sites appearance in search engine results
Police Powers
Powers possessed by states as part of their inherent sovereignty. These powers may be exercise to protect or promote the public order, health, safety, morals, and general welfare
Preemption
A doctrine under which certain federal laws preempt, or take precedent over, conflicting state or local laws
Privileges and Immunities Clause
Article IV, section 2, of the Constitution requires states not to discriminate against one another citizens. A Resident of one state cannot be treated as an alien when in another state; he or she may not be denied search privileges and immunities as legal protection, access to court, travel rights, property rights.
Probable Cause
Reasonable grounds to believe the existence of facts warranting certain actions, such as a search or a rest of a person
Search Warrant
An order granted by public authority, such as a judge, that authorizes law-enforcement personnel to search particular premises or property
Sovereignty
The quality of having an independent authority over a geographic area. For instance, state governments have the authority to regulate affairs within their border.
Supremacy Clause
The provision of Article VI of the constitution that provides the Constitution, laws, and treaties of the United States are “the supreme law of the land “under the clause, state and local laws that directly conflict with the federal law will be rendered invalid
Symbolic Speech
Nonverbal conduct that expresses opinions or thoughts about a subject. Symbolic speech is protected under the First Amendment guarantee of freedom of speech
