Chapter 4

Question 1

statements about the population from which the data were sampled

Answer 1

statistical inference

Question 2

is a chance process that leads to well-defined results called outcomes

Answer 2

probability experiment

Question 3

is the result of a single trial of a probability experiment

Answer 3

outcome (O)

Question 4

is any collection of outcomes

Answer 4

event (E)

Question 5

is the set of all possible outcomes

Answer 5

sample space (S)

Question 6

is a probability based on an educated guess or expert opinion

Answer 6

subjective probability

Question 7

states that if an experiment is run indefinitely, then the proportion of times that E happens approaches P(E).

Answer 7

Law of Large numbers

Question 8

the addition rule

Answer 8

P(A or B) = P(A) + P(B) - P(A and B)

Question 9

if they cannot simultaneously occur

Answer 9

disjoint or mutually exclusive

Question 10

Two events A and B are this, if the probability of B occuring is not affected by whether or not A occurs.

Answer 10

Independent events

Question 11

when the outcome or occurrence of event A affects the probability of event B then the events are said to be

Answer 11

dependent events

Question 12

multiplication rule for independent events

Answer 12

P(A and B) = P(A)P(B)

Question 13

multiplication rule for dependent events

Answer 13

P(A and B) = P(A)P(B\A)

Question 14

conditional probability

Answer 14

P(B\A) = P(A and B)/P(A)

Question 15

in a sequence of n events, in which each event has k1, k2, …, kn possibilities, the total number of possible outcomes is k1 x k2 x … x kn

Answer 15

fundamental counting rule

Question 16

is an arrangement of n objects in order.

Answer 16

permutation

Question 17

permutation rule

Answer 17

nPr= n!/(n-r)!

Question 18

combinations rule

Answer 18

nCr=n!/(n-r)!r!