Chapter 4-8

Question 1

What consist of nucelotide?

Answer 1

One Sugar, One Phosphate Group, One Nitrogenous Base

Question 2

Pyrimidnes (Single Ring)

Answer 2

(C)ytosine & (T)hymine

Question 3

Purines (Double Ring)

Answer 3

(A)denine & (G)uanine

Question 4

What are nitrogenous bases united by?

Answer 4

A & T, C & G

Question 5

Chromatin

Answer 5

DNA material complexed w/ proteins

Question 6

Sister Chromatids

Answer 6

The parallel filaments of identical DNA

Question 7

What does ribose replace as sugar?

Answer 7

Deoxyribose

Question 8

What does uracil replace as a nitrogenous base?

Answer 8

Thymine

Question 9

What does RNA do?

Answer 9

Interpret DNA code

Question 10

What is Genetic Code?

Answer 10

System that channels A,T,C,G to code for the amino acid sequence of all proteins

Question 11

Stop Codons

Answer 11

UAG, UGA, UAA

Question 12

mRNA

Answer 12

Mirror image of the gene which travels from the nucleus to the cytoplasma

Question 13

Transcription

Answer 13

Copying genetic instructions from DNA to RNA

Question 14

Translation

Answer 14

The process that converts the language of nuclotides into the language of amino acids

Question 15

What is the amino acid sequence of protein determined by?

Answer 15

Nucelotide sequence in DNA

Question 16

What is RNA polymerse

Answer 16

Enzyme that binds to the DNA and assembles mRNA

Question 17

What does RNA do?

Answer 17

C binds to G and A binds to U

Question 18

What are the role of ribosomes in translation?

Answer 18

Translate sequence of nucleotides into the sequence of amino acids

Question 19

Process of Transcription

Answer 19

Pre-mRNA, Exons, Introns, Alternative Splicing

Question 20

What do cells synthesize?

Answer 20

Glycogen, Fat, Steroids, Phospholipids. Pigments

Question 21

Cytokinsis

Answer 21

the division of cytoplasma into two cells

Question 22

Heterozygous Alleles

Answer 22

difference alleles for that gene

Question 23

Homozygous Alleles

Answer 23

two identical alleles for a trait

Question 24

What are the 4 categories of tissues?

Answer 24

Epithelial, Connective, Nervous & Muscualr

Question 25

Organ

Answer 25

Structure w/ discrete boundaries that is composed of 2 or more tissue types

Question 26

Tissue

Answer 26

a group of similar cells that arise from the same region and work together

Question 27

What is matrix composed of?

Answer 27

Fibrous Proteins, ECF, Ground Substance

Question 28

What are the 3 primary germ layers?

Answer 28

Ectoderm (Outer), Endoderm (Inner), Mesoderm (Middle)

Question 29

What does the Ectoderm give rinse to?

Answer 29

Epidermis & Nervous

Question 30

What does Endoderm give rinse to?

Answer 30

Digestive & Respiratory

Question 31

What does the Mesoderm give rinse to?

Answer 31

Muscle, Blood & Bone

Question 32

How to interpret Tissue Sections

Answer 32

Sectioning & Formaling

Question 33

Properties of Epithelia Tissue

Answer 33

Flat sheet. Covers body surface. Lines body cavities. Secretion & Absorption. Lies on connective tissue

Question 34

Basement Membrane

Answer 34

Layer b/w an epithelium and connective tissue

Question 35

What consist of the basement membrane

Answer 35

Collagen, Laminin Gylcoprotein, Heparin Sulfate

Question 36

What is the purpose of the basement membrane

Answer 36

Anchors the epithelium to the connective tissue below

Question 37

Basal Surface

Answer 37

Surface of an epithelial cell that faces the basement membrane

Question 38

Apical Surface

Answer 38

Surface of an epithelial cell that faces away from the basement membrane

Question 39

Simple Epithelial Properties

Answer 39

1 Layer of cells. All cells touch basement membrane

Question 40

Stratified Epithelial Properties

Answer 40

More than 1 layer. Cells rest of each other. Do NOT touch basement membrance

Question 41

Globlet Cells

Answer 41

Mucus secreting cells in the simple columnar and pseudo-stratified epithelial

Question 42

Simple Squamous Epithelium

Answer 42

Single Row of Think Cells. Permits rapid diffusion. Secretes Serous Fluid. (Found in Kidneys/Lungs)

Question 43

Simple Cuboidal Epithelium

Answer 43

Square. Absorption. Mucus production & movement. (Found in liver, thyroid, mammary/salivary glands)

Question 44

Simple Columnar Epithelium

Answer 44

Tall cells. Brush border of microvilli. (Found GI tract, uterine, kidneys, and uterine tubes)

Question 45

Pseudo stratified Epithelium

Answer 45

Looks multi-layered. W/ Cilia and Goblet Cells (Found in respiratory tract)

Question 46

Stratified Epithelia

Answer 46

Range from 2-20 layers of cells. Deepest layers go under mitosis.

Question 47

Keratinized Stratified

Answer 47

Resist abrasion. (Found on Palmar & Plantar)

Question 48

NonKeratinized Startified

Answer 48

Lacks surface layer of dead cells(Found in tongue, vagina, and oral)

Question 49

Startified Cuboidial Epithelium

Answer 49

secretes sweat, sperm production and ovarian hormones (Sweat Glands)

Question 50

Transitional Epithelium

Answer 50

Allows for filling of urinary tract. (Ureter & Bladder)