Chapter 4-8 Patho quizzes

Question 1

What should be included in a possible list of imaging differential diagnosis when acoustic shadows are presented behind the aorta and the sonographer is having difficulty visualizing both the anterior and posterior wall?

Answer 1

Arteriosclerosis

Question 2

What could account for decreased pulsations of the abdominal aortic walls and hyperechoic aortic wall echoes?

Answer 2

Arteriosclerosis

Question 3

What is a possible explanation for a 63-year-old patient who presents with multiple low-level echoes within the aorta that persist with gain and sensitivity changes?

Answer 3

Thrombus within the aorta

Question 4

What is the most common type of splanchnic artery aneurysm?

Answer 4

Splenic

Question 5

What is the most common location of aneurysms associated with the continuation of an abdominal aortic aneurysm?

Answer 5

Iliac artery

Question 6

What is a common finding associated with vascular stenosis?

Answer 6

Poststenotic dilatation

Question 7

What condition may cause thrombosis with venous inflammation or trauma?

Answer 7

Venous stasis

Question 8

What disease begins as fibro-fatty plaque on the intima of large arteries?

Answer 8

Atherosclerosis

Question 9

Which area is carefully scanned on a follow-up examination on a patient with a history of cavernous transformation?

Answer 9

Portal triad

Question 10

Fatty infiltrative disease has the same appearance as which pathology?

Answer 10

Cirrhosis

Question 11

As a blood reservoir, the liver has the capacity to enlarge and store how much blood?

Answer 11

200 to 400 mL

Question 12

A marked increase of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) variance, greater than 1,000 U/mL, is clinically indicative of what pathology?

Answer 12

Acute severe fulminating hepatitis

Question 13

What is the most likely explanation when a 43-year-old woman is clinically jaundiced and has a marked elevated serum conjugated (direct reading) bilirubin level?

Answer 13

Obstructive jaundice

Question 14

What are the clinical implications for a 52-year-old man with a liver sonography examination suggesting long-standing liver disease and the presence of alpha-fetoprotein?

Answer 14

Primary carcinoma

Question 15

If a malignant neoplasm appears as an anechoic mass, what is a likely explanation for this echo characteristic?

Answer 15

The central liquefaction of necrosis

Question 16

What is the most common primary liver malignancy in an adult?

Answer 16

Hepatoma

Question 17

Severe sound attenuation is associated with which pathology?

Answer 17

Cirrhosis

Question 18

What Doppler signal would be expected in the portal vein of a patient with portal hypertension?

Answer 18

Hepatofugal flow

Question 19

What vascular tumor is composed of blood vessel cells with a nonspecific sonographic appearance?

Answer 19

Hemangioma

Question 20

What is the likely cause for echoes originating from within the gallbladder with acoustic shadows?

Answer 20

Cholelithiasis

Question 21

What is a choledochal cyst?

Answer 21

Dilated extrahepatic duct

Question 22

When would the sonographer be unable able to image and document a thickened gallbladder wall?

Answer 22

Postcholecystectomy

Question 23

What is the best explanation if the sonogram reveals a focal area of high echogenicity with acoustic attenuation (shadowing)?

Answer 23

Cholelithiasis

Question 24

What is a diagnostic explanation for a 40-year-old woman with right upper quadrant pain, mild jaundice, and elevated alkaline phosphatase?

Answer 24

Cholelithiasis

Question 25

Which echogenic intraluminal projection does not change location with a change in the patient's position and does not cast an acoustic shadow?

Answer 25

Polyp

Question 26

Acute cholecystitis is most likely to occur secondary to which entity?

Answer 26

Calculi impaction in the cystic duct

Question 27

What is the normal gallbladder wall thickness measured parallel to the sound beam adjacent to the liver?

Answer 27

1 to 3 mm

Question 28

If the patient has a known history of a porcelain gallbladder, what will the sonographer observe?

Answer 28

Varying amounts of calcification in the gallbladder wall

Question 29

What symptom describes tenderness over the gallbladder with probe pressure?

Answer 29

Murphy's sign

Question 30

What condition describes acute or chronic inflammation of the gallbladder?

Answer 30

Cholecystitis

Question 31

What anatomic structure is located lateral and to the left of the common bile duct?

Answer 31

Hepatic artery

Question 32

What is the most common cause of a pancreatic pseudocyst in an adult patient?

Answer 32

Acute pancreatitis

Question 33

Neoplasms of which origin comprise the largest group of pancreatic tumors?

Answer 33

Exocrine

Question 34

What is the likely explanation for a septated cystic mass in the head of the pancreas in a 43-year-old, chronic alcoholic who presents with a normal serum lipase, elevated serum amylase, and an enlarging mass in the epigastrium?

Answer 34

Pancreatic pseudocyst

Question 35

Which of the following is an autosomal dominant disease characterized by the presence of multiple small cysts in the kidney, liver, and pancreas?

Answer 35

Polycystic disease

Question 36

When is the spleen considered to be enlarged?

Answer 36

The length exceeds 13 cm

Question 37

What is ruled out when the sonographer demonstrates the spleen?

Answer 37

Asplenia

Question 38

Leukopenia may result from what condition?

Answer 38

Anaphylactic shock

Question 39

What may be demonstrated in the spleen, liver, kidneys, and adrenal glands in patients with extrapulmonary Pneumocystis carinii infection secondary to AIDS?

Answer 39

Calcifications

Question 40

What process contributes to an acquired aplasia and hypoplasia?

Answer 40

Repeated infarction