Chapter 4: Abdomen Flashcards by Maryneil Verin

Smallest branch of the celiac trunk

Left Gastric Artery

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Largest branch of the celiac trunk

Splenic Artery

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Pancreatic branch of Splenic Artery

Dorsal Pancreatic Artery

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Branch of Splenic Artery that passes through lineogastric ligament to reach the fundus of the stomach

Short gastric artery

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Branch of Splenic Artery which runs along the greater curvature of the stomach to distribute to the stomach and greater omentum

Left gastroepiploic or Gastro-omental artery

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Branches of the Splenic Artery

Dorsal pancreatic artery
Short gastric artery
Left gastroepiploic artery

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Branches of the Left Gastric Artery

Esophageal and hepatic branches

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Branch of the Celiac trunk that runs along the right border of the pancreas

Common hepatic artery

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Branches of the common hepatic artery

Proper hepatic artery
Right gastric artery
Gastroduodenal artery

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Proper hepatic artery divides near the porta hepatis into the ff:

Left and right hepatic arteries

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Right hepatic artery gives rise to this artery in the cystohepatic triangle of Calot

Cystic artery

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Right gastric artery arises from this artery

Proper or common hepatic artery

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Left gastric artery arises from this artery

Celiac trunk

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Left gastroepiploic artery arises from this artery

Splenic artery

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Right gastroepiploic artery arises from this artery

Gastroduodenal artery

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Branch of gastroduodenal artery that runs to the left along the greater curvature of the stomach, supplying the stomach and greater omentum

Right gastroepiploic or gastro-omental artery

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Branch of gastroduodenal artery that passes between the duodenum and head of pancreas

Superior pancreaticoduodenal artery

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

This artery from the aorta behind the neck of the pancreas

Superior Mesenteric Artery

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

5 branches of the superior mesenteric artery

Inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery
Middle colic artery
Right colic artery
Ileocolic artery
Intestinal arteries

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Branch of superior mesenteric artery that enters the transverse mesocolon

Middle colic artery

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Right branch of the middle colic artery anastomose with this artery

Right colic artery

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Left branch of the middle colic artery anastomoses with this artery

Ascending branch of the colic artery

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

The branches of the mesenteric arteries form an anastomotic channel called

Marginal artery

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Branch of superior mesenteric artery that runs to the right behind the peritoneum and gives rise to ascending and descending branches

Right colic artery

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Branchs of superior mesenteric arteries that are 12 to 13 in number and supply the jejunum and ileum

Intestinal arteries

Arises from the aorta and passes to the left behind the peritoneum and distributes to the descending and sigmoid colons and upper pprtion of the rectum

Inferior mesenteric artery

3 branches of the inferior mesenteric artery

Left colic artery Sigmoid arteries Superior rectal artery

Branch of inferior mesenteric artery that runs to the left behind the peritoneum toward the descending colon and divides into ascending and descending branches

Left colic artery

Branch of inferior mesenteric artery that run toward the sigmoid colon in its mesentery

Sigmoid arteries

It is the termination of the inferior mesenteric artery

Superior rectal artery

Formed by the union of the splenic vein and superior mesenteric vein

Portal vein

The portal vein receives this vein

Left gastric (or coronary) vein

The portal vein measures ___ long

8cm or 3.2 inches

Treatment of portal hypertension achieved by creating a communication between PORTAL VEIN and IVC

Portacaval shunt

Treatment of portal hypertension accomplished by anastomosing SPLENIC VEIN to the LEFT RENAL VEIN

Splenorenal or Warren Shunt

Treatment of portal hypertension wherein a catheter is placed percutaneously into the right internal jugular vein through which an intrahepatic shunt is created between a hepatic vein and a branch of the portal vein

Transjugular Intrahepatic Portosystemic Shunt (TIPS)

Joins the splenic vein to form the portal vein

Superior mesenteric vein

Formed by the union of tributaries from the spleen

Splenic vein

Splenic veins receives the following veins:

Short gastric vein Left gastroepiploic vein Pancreatic veins

Formed by the union of superior rectal vein and sigmoid vein

Inferior mesenteric vein

Found in the falciform ligament and are virtually closed but dilate in portal hypertension

Paraumbilical veins

Occlusion of the hepatic veins that results in high pressure in the veins causing hepatomegaly, upper right abdominal pain, ascites, mild jaundice, portal hypertension and liver failure

Budd-Chiari syndrome

Retracts the testis

Cremaster

Depresses the ribs and flexes the trunk

Rectus abdominis

Tenses the linea alba

Pyramidal

Superficial fatty layer

Camper fascia

Deep membranous layer

Scarpa fascia

Tendinous median raphe formed by the fusion of aponeuroses of External oblique, Internal oblique and Transverse abdominal muscles

Linea alba

Below the arcuate line, the anterior layer of the rectus sheath is formed by the aponeuroses of:

External oblique, internal oblique and transverse muscles

Above the arcuate line, the anterior layer of the rectus sheath is formed by the aponeuroses of:

External and internal oblique muscles

Below the arcuate line, the posterior layer of the rectus sheath is

Rectus abdominis is in contact with transversalis fascia

Above the arcuate line, the posterior layer of the rectus sheath is formed by the aponeuroses of:

Internal oblique and transverse muscles

Medial boundary of the Inguinal or Hesselbach Triangle

Linea semilunaris or the lateral edge of the rectus abdominis

Lateral boundary of the Inguinal or Hesselbach Triangle

Inferior epigastric vessels

Inferior boundary of the Inguinal or Hesselbach Triangle

Inguinal ligament

An area of potential weakness and a common site of direct inguinal hernia

Inguinal or Hesselbach triangle

Triangular opening in the aponeurosis of the external oblique muscle that lies just lateral to the pubic tubercle

Superficial inguinal ring

Inguinal ring that lies in the transversalis fascia, just lateral to the inferior epigastric vessels

Deep inguinal ring

Begins at the deep inguinal ring and terminates at the superficial ring

Inguinal canal

Structures that run through the inguinal canal and deep inguinal ring, EXCEPT

Spermatic cord or round ligament of the uterus Genital branch of genitofemoral nerve Ilioinguinal nerve

Hernia in which the contents of the hernial sac can be returned to their normal position

Reducible hernia

Irreducible hernia in which the contents of the hernial sac are entrapped of stuck in the groin

Incarcerated hernia

Irreducible hernia in which the intestine becomes tightly trapped or twisted, thus, circulation is restricted

Strangulated hernia

Inguinal hernia that passes through the deep inguinal ring, inguinal canal, and superficial inguinal ring and descends into the scrotum

Indirect inguinal hernia

Inguinal hernia that occurs in the inguinal triangle directly through the abdominal wall muscles

Direct inguinal hernia

The remnant of the obliterated urachus

Median umbilical ligament or fold

The remnant of the obliterated umbilical artery

Medial umbilical ligament or fold

Fold of peritoneum that covers the inferior epigastric vessels and extends from the medial side of the deep inguinal ring to the arcuate line

Lateral Umbilical fold

A muscular tube approximately 10 inches or 25cm long extending from the pharynx to the stomach

Esophagus

Caused by a lower esophageal sphincter dysfunction causing reflux of stomach contents

GERD

Part of the stomach that lies inferior to the apex of the heart at the level of the 5th rib

Fundus

Extends from the pyloric opening to the ileocecal junction

Small intestine

Location of complete digestion and absorption of most of the products of digestion

Intestine

Shortest but widest part of the small intestine

Duodenum

Part of the duodenum that is not retroperitoneal

Superior or 1st part

C-shaped tube surrounding the head of the pancreas

Duodenum

Part of the duodenum where the common bile duct and main pancreatic duct open

Descending or 2nd part

Terminal openings of the bile and main pancreatic ducts

Greater papilla

Site of entry of the accessory pancreatic duct

Lesser papilla

Longest part of the duodenum

Transverse of 3rd part

Inflammatory bowel disease that usually occurs in the ileum

Crohn's disease

Inflammatory bowel disease that involves the colon and the rectum

Ulcerative colitis

Immune reaction to eating gluten

Celiac disease

Proximal 2/5 of the small intestine

Jejunum

Has plicae circulares, longer vasa recta

Jejunum

Distal 3/5 of the small intestine

Ileum

Presence of Peyer patches, shorter plicae circulares and vasa recta

Ileum

Parts of the colon that are retroperitoneal

Ascending colon | Descending colon

Extends from the ileocecal junction to the anus and is approximately 1.5m (5ft) long

Colon

Absence of enteric ganglia

Megacolon/Hirschsprung disease

Blind pouch of the large intestine that lies in the right iliac fossa

Cecum

Junction of the lateral 1/3 of the line between the right anterior superior iliac spine and umbilicus

McBurney point

Narrow, hollow, muscular tube with large aggregations of lymphoid tissue in its wall

Appendix

Largest visceral organ and largest gland in the human body

Liver

Portal triad consists of:

Portal vein Hepatic artery Bile duct

Lobe of the liver that is divided into anterior and posterior segments

Right lobe

Lobe of the liver that is divided into medial and lateral segments

Left lobe

Dilated veins around the anal canal

Hemorrhoids

Dilated veins in the lower part of the esophagus

Esophageal varices

Dilated veins around the umbilicus

Caput medusa

Small, red, spiderlike arterioles in the cheeks, neck, and shoulder

Spider nevi or spider angioma

Accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity

Ascites

Organ located at the junction of the right 9th costal cartilage and lateral border of the rectus abdominis

Gallbladder

Presents commonly in Fat, Fertile (multiparous) Females, who are older than Forty (4-F individuals)

Gallstones

Union of the right and left hepatic ducts

Common hepatic duct

Common site of impaction of gallstones

Cystic duct

Formed by the union of common hepatic duct and cystic duct

Common bile duct

Formed by the union of common bile duct and main pancreatic duct

Ampulla of Vater or Hepatopancreatic Duct

Ascending and transverse colons are supplied by:

Superior mesenteric artery | Vagus nerve

Descending and sigmoid colons are supplied by:

Inferior mesenteric artery | Splanchnic nerves

Chapter 4: Abdomen Flashcards

(110 cards)