Chapter 4: Anatomy and Physiology

Question 1

While at work at a machine shop, a man is turning a piece of steel on a lathe. The chuck is not tight enough, and when the tool makes contact with the steel, the steel projects itself toward the man. He puts his arm up to block his face, and the steel makes a deep laceration in the back of his upper arm. Using correct terminology, describe the location of the injury in relation to these other body structures: a. Elbow: ___________________ b. Shoulder:_________________

Answer 1

a. proximal b. distal

Question 2

While at work at a machine shop, a man is turning a piece of steel on a lathe. The chuck is not tight enough, and when the tool makes contact with the steel, the steel projects itself toward the man. He puts his arm up to block his face, and the steel makes a deep laceration in the back of his upper arm. Is the injury superior or inferior to the pelvis?

Answer 2

Superior

Question 3

What is the purpose of the respiratory system?

Answer 3

Supplies the body with oxygen through breathing

Question 4

What are the main components of the respiratory system?

Answer 4

Airway and lungs

Question 5

What is the purpose of the musculoskeletal system?

Answer 5

Provides the bodies framework

Question 6

What are the main components of the musculoskeletal system?

Answer 6

Bones, muscles, joints, ligaments, tendons

Question 7

What is the purpose of the nervous system?

Answer 7

One of two primary regulatory systems in the body; transmits messages to and from the brain

Question 8

What are the main components of the nervous system?

Answer 8

brain, spinal cord, and nerves

Question 9

What is the purpose of the digestive system?

Answer 9

Breaks down food and eliminates waste

Question 10

What are the main components of the digestive system?

Answer 10

Mouth, esophagus, stomach, intestines

Question 11

What is the purpose of the integumentary system?

Answer 11

helps prevent infection and dehydration

Question 12

What are the main components of the integumentary system?

Answer 12

Skin, hair, and nails

Question 13

What is the purpose of the circulatory system?

Answer 13

Transports nutrients and oxygen to body cells and removes waste products

Question 14

What are the main components of the circulatory system?

Answer 14

Heart, arteries, veins, capillaries, blood

Question 15

What is the purpose of the endocrine system?

Answer 15

Secretes hormones and other substances into blood and onto skin

Question 16

What are the main components of the endocrine system?

Answer 16

Glands

Question 17

What is the purpose of the genitourinary system?

Answer 17

Performs the processes of reproduction and removes wastes from the circulatory system and regulates water balance

Question 18

What are the main components of the genitourinary system?

Answer 18

Uterus and genitalia and kidneys and bladder

Question 19

What are the major structures within in the thoracic cavity?

Answer 19

Heart, lungs

Question 20

You are called to a school where a teenaged boy is hav- ing a severe allergic reaction and has used his prescribed epinephrine auto-injector. He has a MedicAlert® medical identification product around his neck that indicates he has a severe allergy to peanuts. The person sitting beside him in the cafeteria was eating a granola bar. Anaphylaxis is a reaction that can affect which of the following body systems? a. Nervous, endocrine, and genitourinary b. Integumentary, endocrine, musculoskeletal, and nervous c. Digestive, respiratory, and genitourinary d. Integumentary, respiratory, cardiovascular, and digestive

Answer 20

Integumentary, respiratory, cardiovascular, and digestive

Question 21

Hives or redness of the skin may be the visual signs of anaphylaxis on the skin. What signs may be present that indicate an effect on the digestive system?

Answer 21

Nausea and vomiting

Question 22

Epinephrine opens the airway and stimulates the heart to continue beating. Which two body systems does this indicate that epinephrine affects?

Answer 22

Respiratory and circulatory

Question 23

While at work at a machine shop, a man is turning a piece of steel on a lathe. The chuck is not tight enough, and when the tool makes contact with the steel, the steel projects itself toward the man. He puts his arm up to block his face, and the steel makes a deep laceration in the back of his upper arm. Which two body systems will interact to alert the man to his injury? a. Nervous and respiratory b. Endocrine and nervous c. Nervous and integumentary d. Circulatory and digestive

Answer 23

Nervous and integumentary

Question 24

The epiglottis prevents liquids and solids from entering what? a. The stomach b. The lungs c. The esophagus d. The intestines

Answer 24

The lungs

Question 25

Where do arteries carry blood? a. From the heart to the body tissues b. From the lungs to the heart c. From the heart to the lungs d. Both a and c

Answer 25

Both a and c

Question 26

The integumentary system has many functions. Its main function(s) is(are) to: a. Prevent infection b. Secrete hormones c. Produce white blood cells d. All of the above

Answer 26

Prevent infection

Question 27

In comparison with the chest, the neck is described as ______________, whereas the abdomen is described as________________. a. Anterior, posterior b. Medial, lateral c. Superior, inferior d. Proximal, distal

Answer 27

Superior, inferior

Question 28

The respiratory system and cardiovascular system work together to: a. Provide oxygen to the cells of the body b. Keep hormones distributed throughout the body c. Regenerate nervous tissue after injury d. Regulate blood flow to the digestive system

Answer 28

Provide oxygen to the cells of the body

Question 29

Which of the following is not in the pelvic cavity? a. Rectum b. Spleen c. Bladder d. Reproductive organs

Answer 29

Spleen

Question 30

Which of the following is one of the quadrants of the abdomen? a. Dorsal quadrant b. Superior quadrant c. Upper midline quadrant d. Right lower quadrant

Answer 30

Right lower quadrant

Question 31

What