Chapter 4 Anxiety, OCD and related disorders Flashcards
(74 cards)
1
Q
Define:
fear
A
central nervous system’s physiological and emotional response to a serious threat to one’s well-being
2
Q
Define:
anxiety
A
central nervous system’s physiological and emotional response to vague sense of threat or danger
3
Q
What is:
Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD)
A
disorder marked by persistent and excessive feelings of anxiety and worry about numerous events and activities
4
Q
Answer:
in any given year what percentage of the U.S adult population experiences one of the six DSM-5 anxiety disorder
A
19%
5
Q
Answer:
about what percentage develop an anxiety disorder at some point in their lives
A
31%
6
Q
Answer:
what percentage of people seek treatment for anxiety disorders
A
42%
7
Q
List:
GAD characterization
3 points
A
- excessive anxiety experienced under most circumstances
- worry about anything “free floating anxiety”
- reduced quality of life
8
Q
Answer:
what percent of the US population is affected by GAD
A
4 %
9
Q
Answer:
what is the ratio of women to men affected by affected by GAD
A
2:1
10
Q
What is:
sociocultural perspective of GAD
A
most likely develop in people faced with dangerous ongoing social conditions or highly threatened environments
11
Q
List:
forms of societal stress (GAD)
3 points
A
- poverty
- race and ethnicity
- widespread illness
12
Q
define:
separation anxiety
A
anxiety disorder feel extreme anxiety and panic when separated from key people in their lives
13
Q
Answer:
what is the most common anxiety disorder among children
A
separation anxiety
14
Q
Answer:
what does freud say about GAD?
2 points
A
- children feel some degree of anxiety levels or inadequate defense mechanisms
- GAD occurs with high anxiety levels or inadequate defense mechanisms
15
Q
Answer:
todays psychodynamic theorists think GAD is caused by
A
early parent-child relationships
16
Q
List:
Psychodynamic therapies for GAD
3 points
A
- free association
- therapist interpretations of transference, resistance and
- dreams to reduce fear of id impulses and control
17
Q
Answer:
how do object relations therapists help patients with GAD
A
help patients identify and settle early relationship problems
18
Q
What is:
humanistic perspective of GAD
A
arises when people stop looking at themselves honestly and acceptingly
19
Q
What is:
carl rogers explanation for GAD
2 points
A
- lack of unconditional positive regard in childhood conditions of worth
- threatening self-judgements break through and cause anxiety
20
Q
What is:
humanistic centered therapy
2 points
A
- client centered therapy used to show unconditional positive regard for clients
- only limited support for rogers’ explanation of GAD
21
Q
What is:
biological perspective of GAD
A
GAD caused by bio factors
fear reactions are tied to brain circuts
22
Q
Answer:
what type of drug helps with anxiety
A
benzodiazepines
23
Q
List:
examples of benzodiazepines
3 points
A
- alprazolam
- lorazepam
- diazepam
24
Q
Answer:
what was used in the early 1950’s drug therapy for GAD
A
barbiturates (sedative- hypnotics)
25
# Answer:
what were the late 1950's drug therapy for GAD
Benzodiazepines
26
# Answer:
how do phobias differ from fear
| 3 points
* more intense and persistent fear
* greater desire to avoid the feared object or situation
* create distress that interferes with functioning
27
# List:
categories of phobia
| 2 points
* specific phobias
* agoraphobia
28
# Answer:
what percent of people in the US have a specific phobia
9%
29
# Answer:
what percent of people experience phobia symptoms during their lifetime?
13%
30
# List:
specific phobias characterizations
| 4 points
* persistent and disproportionate fear of particular object or situation lasting at least 6 months
* exposure to the object produces immediate fear
* avoidance of feared situation
* significant distress or impairment
31
# Answer:
what percent of the US population suffers from Agoraphobia
1%
32
# Answer:
what percent of agoraphobics seek treatment
46%
33
# List:
agoraphobia characterizations
| 6 points
* pronounced disproportionate or repeated fear about being in at least two delineated situations
* fear that it would be hard to escape or get help if panic, embarrassment or disabling symptoms occur
* avoidance of agoraphobic situations
* symptoms last 6 months
* significant distress
* recurrence happens after therapy sometimes
34
# Answer:
how do fears become entrenched
once fears are acquired individuals avoid dreaded object or situation
35
# List:
ways fears are learned
| 2 points
* classical conditioning
* modeling
36
# Answer:
What is Behavioral- evolutionary explaination of phobias
Some specific phobias are much more common than others
37
# Define:
Preparedness
Species-specific biological predisposition to develop certain fears
38
# List:
Treatments for specific phobias
| 3 points
* systematic desensitization
* flooding
* modeling
39
# List:
Treatments for Agoraphobia
| 3 points
* exposure therapy
* support groups
* home based self help groups
40
# Answer:
About how many people relapse after therapy for Agoraphobia
half
41
#Answer:
what percentage of the U.S. population suffers from Social Anxiety Disorder
7%
42
#Answer:
what percentage of people experience social anxiety symptoms in their life
12%
43
#Answer:
When does social anxiety start
late childhood/ adolescence and into adulthood
44
#Answer:
What percentage of people seek treatment for Social anxiety
40%
45
# List:
Checklist of social anxiety
| 5 points
* Pronounced, disproportionate, and repeated anxiety about social situation(s) in which the individual could be exposed to scrutiny by others; typically lasting 6 months or more
* fear of being negatively evaluated by or offensive to others
* exposure to social situation almost always produces anxiety
* Avoidance of feared situation
* Significant distress or impairment
46
# Answer:
According to the cognitive behavioral perspective what causes social anxiety
* group of social realm dysfunctional beliefs and expectations held; anticipation of social disasters and dread of social situations
* avoidance and safety behaviors performed to reduce or prevent these disasters
* tied to genetic predispositions, trait tendencies, biological abnormalities, traumatic childhood experiences, overprotective parent- child interactions
47
# List:
two distinct features of social anxiety
| 2 points (duh)
* overwhelming social fears
* lack of social skills
48
# List:
Treatments for overwhelming social fears
| 2 points
* medications ( Benzodiazepine or antidepressants)
* cognitive - behavioral therapy (exposure therapy)
49
# List:
treatments for lack of social skills
| 2 points
* social skills and assertiveness training
* training groups
50
# Define:
Panic attack
periodic, short bouts of panic that occur suddenly, reach a peak within minutes, and gradually pass
51
# List
symptoms of panic attacks
| 11 points
* heart palpitations
* tingling in hands/feet
* shortness of breath
* sweating
* hot/cold flashes
* trembling
* chest pains
* choking sensations
* faintness
* dizziness
* feeling of unreality
52
# Answer:
what percent of the U.S population experience panic disorder yearly?
3%
53
#Answer:
What percent of people experience symptoms of panic disorder during lifetime
5%
54
# Answer:
When does panic disorder begin
late adolescence or early adulthood
55
# list:
Checklist for panic disorder
| 4 points
* unforeseen panic attacks occur repeatedly
* one or more of the attacks precede either of the following symptoms
* at least a month of continual concern about having additional attacks
* at least one month of dysfunctional behavior changes associated with the attacks
56
#Answer:
What is the *early* biological perspective of panic disorder
panic attacks caused by abnormal norepinephrine activity in locus ceruleus
57
# Answer:
what is the *recent* biological perspective of panic disorder
* brain circuits and Amygdala are more complex root of the problem
* may be inherited predisposition to abnormalities in these areas
58
# List:
parts of the panic circuit
| 5 points
* Amygdala
* Hippocampus
* ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus
* central gray matter
* Locus coeruleus
59
# Answer:
What is the cognitive-behavioral therapy for panic attacks
seeks to correct people's misinterpretations of their bodily sensations
60
# list:
strategies used in cognitive- behavioral therapy
| 3 points
* educate about nature of panic attacks
* teach applications of more accurate interpretations
* teach skills for coping with anxiety, including biological challenge procedures
61
# Define:
Obsessions
persistent thoughts, ideas, impulses, or images that seem to invade a person's consciousness
62
# Define:
Compulsions
repetitive and rigid behaviors or mental acts that people feel they must perform to prevent or reduce anxiety
63
# Answer
what percentage of the world population is affected by OCD
1.2%
64
#Answer:
When does OCD typically begin
childhood or young adulthood
65
# List:
checklist of OCD
| 3 points
* occurrence of repeated obsessions, compulsions, or both
* obsessions/compulsions take up considerable time
* significant distress or impairment
66
# list:
Features of obsessions
* thoughts that feel both intrusive and foreign
* attempts to ignore or resist them trigger anxiety
* Awareness that thoughts are excessive
67
# List:
Basic themes of OCD
| 5 points
* dirt/contamination
* violence and aggression
* orderliness
* religion
* sexuality
68
# list:
Features of compulsions
| 5 points
* various forms of voluntary behaviors or mental acts
* feel mandatory/unstoppable
* recognition that behaviors are unreasonable
* performing behaviors reduces anxiety for a short time
* behaviors often develop into rituals
69
# list:
Themes of compulsions
| 4 points
* cleaning compulsions
* checking compulsions
* order or balance
* touching, verbalizing, and/or counting compulsions
70
# what is:
psychodynamic theory of OCD
battle between the id and ego defense machanisms lessens anxiety in overt thoughts amd actions
71
# Answer:
what stage of development does frued think OCD comes from
Anal
72
# List:
treatments for OCD
| 2 points
psychodynamic
* free association
* therapist interpretation
| little research support
73
# What is:
cognitive behavioral perspective
| OCD
disorder grows fro human tendencies to have unwanted, intrusive, unpleasant thoughts
74
# What is:
cognitive behavioral therapy
| OCD
