Chapter 4 - Blood

Question 1

What are the percentages in the blood, formed elements (solid) vs. plasma (liquid)?

Answer 1

Solid - 45%

Liquid - 55%

Question 2

What are the components of the component that makes up 45% of the blood?

Answer 2

1. red blood cells (erthrocytes)
2. white blood cells (leukocytes)
3. platelets (thrombocytes)

Question 3

What are the components that make up plasma?

Answer 3

H2O, dissolved substances, salt, CO2, O2, glucose, nutrients, waste and proteins

Question 4

Name the four defining factors of the red blood cell.

Answer 4

1. biconcave disk, to increase surface area to max exchange ability
2. thin walled and very permeable to max exchange ability
3. deform-able/flexible to fit into smaller vessels
4. contain hemoglobin (protein and iron heme group) has a high affinity for 02/CO2 to max gas transport

Question 5

What are the five bonus traits of the red blood cell?

Answer 5

1. live for 120 days
2. made in bone marrow
3. destroyed in liver and spleen
4. enucleate (no nucleus)
5. anemia caused by lack of iron

Question 6

What is this?

• filled with lysosomes
• engulf foreign invaders such as bacteria and destroy them
• immune defense system
• made in bone marrow

Answer 6

white blood cells

Question 7

Platelets. What are they?

Answer 7

The are fragments of cells, they clot damaged walls by creating a mesh over the break and are made in the bone marrow.

Question 8

What other two functions does blood provide?

Answer 8

Transport and protection

Question 9

Describe four things that the blood transports.

Answer 9

nutrients to the digestive system
gasses to the respiratory
waste to the renal kidneys
hormones to the endocrine

Question 10

How does the blood protect us?

Answer 10

Using white blood cells as the immune system and platelets for clotting

Question 11

Name two types of white blood cells who help with keeping up the immune system

Answer 11

phagocyte (the dumb “brute”)

immunocyte (the identification cell)

Question 12

What does a phagocyte do?

Answer 12

A phagocyte engulf an invading / foreign bacteria

Question 13

What does a immunocyte do?

Answer 13

An immunocyte identifies which is an foreign protein and which one from your own body by using an antibody

Question 14

What blood type is known as the universal recipient and why?

Answer 14

Blood type AB, because they can receive blood from blood type O, A, B and AB with out there immunocytes tagging the new blood

Question 15

What blood type is known as the universal donor and why?

Answer 15

Blood type O, because they can only receive blood from someone with the blood type O therefore they can give blood to anybody