Chapter 4 - Body Structure Flashcards
(77 cards)
Adhesion
Abnormal fibrous band that holds or binds together tissues that are normally separated.
May occur in the body cavities as a result of surgery.
Edema
Abnormal accumulation of fluid within tissue spaces as a result of systematic disease or failure of the lymphatic system to drain tissue fluid from the site
Febrile
Having or showing symptoms of a fever
Gangrene
Death and decay of soft tissue, usually caused by circulatory obstruction or infection.
Hernia
Protrusion of any organ through the structure which normally contains it
Inflammation
Body defence against injury, infection, or allergy marked by redness, swelling, heat, and pain, sometimes with loss of function
Mycosis
Any fungal infection in or on the body
Perforation
Hole that completely penetrates a structure
Peritonitis
Inflammation of the peritoneum, the serous membrane that surrounds the abdominal cavity and covers its organs, usually caused by bacteria or fungi
Rupture
Sudden breaking or bursting of a structure or organ
Septicemia
Severe bacterial infection of the tissues that spreads to the blood also called sepsis or blood poisoning
Suppuration
Process of forming puss
Assessment techniques
Sequence of procedures designed to evaluate the health status of a patient
Auscultation
Listening to the heart, vowel, and lungs with or without a stethoscope to assess the presence and quality of sounds
Inspection
General observation of the patient as a whole, progressing to specific body areas.
Palpation
Gentle application of the hands to a specific structure or body area to determine size, consistency, texture, symmetry, and tenderness of underlying structures.
Percussion
Tapping a body structure with the hand or fingers to assess consistency and the presence or absence of fluids within the underlying structure.
Especially helpful in assessing the thorax and abdomen.
Endoscopy
Visual examination of a body cavity or canal using a specialized lighted instrument called an endoscope.
Endoscopy is used for biopsy, surgery, aspiration of fluids, and coagulation of bleeding areas.
Blood chemistry analysis
Laboratory test, usually performed on serum, to determine biochemical imbalances, abnormalities, and nutritional conditions.
Complete blood count (CBC)
Broad screening test used to evaluate red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets to determine anemias, infections, and other diseases.
Usually part of a routine physical examination.
Computed tomography (CT)
Imaging technique that rotates an X-ray emitter around the area to be evaluated and measures the intensity of transmitted rays from differ t angles.
It may detect rumour masses, bone displacement, and fluid accumulation.
Fluoroscopy
Technique in which X-rays are directed through the body to a fluorescent screen that displays internal structures in continuous motion.
Helps view the motions of organs
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
Technique that uses radio waves and a strong magnetic field, rather than an X-ray beam, to produce highly detailed, multiplanar, cross-sectional views of soft tissues.
Helps diagnose a growing number of diseases because it provides superior soft tissue contrast.
Nuclear scan
Technique in which a radioactive material (radio pharmaceutical) called a tracer is introduced into the body (inhaled, ingested it injected), and a specialized camera (gamma camera) produces images of organs and structures.
