Chapter 4: Cell Structure

Question 1

Genetic material

Answer 1

single circular molecule in prokaryotes

double helix located in nucleus in eukaryotes

Question 2

Cytoplasm

Answer 2

Fills cell interior

Question 3

Plasma membrane

Answer 3

Encloses the cell

Question 4

Discovery of cells

Answer 4

In 1665 by Robert Hooke

Question 5

Who proposed the Cell Theory?

Answer 5

Mathias Schleiden and Theodore Schwann

Question 6

Cell Theory

Answer 6

All organisms are composed of one or more cells
Cells are the smallest living units
Cells arise only by division of a previously existing cell

Question 7

What affects rate of diffusion?

Answer 7

Surface area
Temperature
Concentration gradient
Distance

Question 8

What are the type of microscopes

Answer 8

Light and electron

Question 9

Prokayotic Cells

Answer 9

Lacks nucleus- DNA is present as a nucleoid

Cytoplasm is surrounded by plasma membrane and encased in a rigid cell wall composed of peptidoglycan

Question 10

Eukaryotic Cells

Answer 10

Characterized by compartmentalization by an endo membrane system, and the presence of membrane-bound organelles.
Plant Cell and Animal Cell

Question 11

Nucleus

Answer 11

Inheritance, RNA production

Question 12

Mitochondrion

Answer 12

Energy production

Question 13

Endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 13

Protein and lipid production

Question 14

Golgi

Answer 14

Glycosylation, secretion

Question 15

Lysosomes

Answer 15

Degradation

Question 16

Peroxisomes

Answer 16

Degradation, detoxification

Question 17

How many pairs of chromosomes do humans have?

Answer 17

23

Question 18

Histones

Answer 18

Packaging proteins

Question 19

Endomembrane system

Answer 19

Divides cell in compartments where different cellular functions occur

Question 20

Rough ER

Answer 20

Contains ribosomes

Question 21

Smooth ER

Answer 21

Important in lipid synthesis

Question 22

Ribomsomes

Answer 22

Made of ribosomal RNA and proteins
Site of protein synthesis
Assembled in nucleoli

Question 23

Golgi Apparatus

Answer 23

Collection of Golgi bodies
Composed of Rough and Smooth ER
Collects, packages, and distributes molecules synthesized at one location in the cell and utilized at another location
Sugar production and addition to proteins and lipids to form glycoproteins and glycolipids
Stores secreted material

Question 24

Lysosomes

Answer 24

Membrane-bound digestive vesicles

Destroy cells or foreign matter that the cell has engulfed by phagocytosis

Question 25

Microbodies

Answer 25

Enzyme-bearing, membrane-enclosed vesicles

Question 26

Peroxisomes

Answer 26

Contain enzymes that catalyze the removal of electrons and associated hydrogen atoms Protect cell from toxin damage

Question 27

Mitochondria

Answer 27

Interior partitioned by cristae | Power house of the cell (generates ATP for cellular function)

Question 28

Chloroplasts

Answer 28

Have enclosed internal compartments of stacked grana, containing thylakoids and chlorophyll for photosynthesis

Question 29

Cytoskeleton

Answer 29

``` Maintain cell shape Connect cells to each other Transport organelles and small molecules Provide cell motility Move chromosomes Compose cilia ```

Question 30

Actin filaments

Answer 30

Globular protein actin, contraction, crawling or pinching

Question 31

Microtubules

Answer 31

Centrioles, organization of cytoplasm and movement of cargo in the cell

Question 32

Intermediate Filaments

Answer 32

Stable and do not break down, mechanical strength of the cell

Question 33

Centrosomes

Answer 33

Region surrounding centrioles in almost all animal cells | Microtubule-organizing center

Question 34

Kinesin

Answer 34

Moves vesicle towards the edge or periphery of the cell

Question 35

Dynein

Answer 35

Moves cargo or vesicles toward the center of the cell