Chapter 4 - Cells

Question 0

Cytoplasm

Answer 0

Semifluid substance enclosed by a cell’s plasma membrane.

Question 1

Cell Theory

Answer 1

Theory that all organisms consist of one or more cells, which are the basic unit of life; all cells come from division of pre-existing cells and all cells pass hereditary material to offspring

Question 2

Nucleus

Answer 2

Organelle with two membranes that holds a eukaryotic cell’s DNA

Question 3

Organelle

Answer 3

Structure that carries a specialized metabolic function inside a cell

Question 4

Plasma membrane

Answer 4

A cell’s outermost membrane - semi-permeable

Question 5

Surface-to-volume-ratio

Answer 5

A relationship in which the volume of an object increases with the cube of the diameter, and the surface area increases with the square

Question 6

Ribosome

Answer 6

Organelle of protein synthesis

Question 7

Plasmid

Answer 7

Small circle of DNA in some bacteria and archea

Question 8

Pilus

Answer 8

Protein filament that protects from the surface of some bacteria and archea

Question 9

Nucleoid

Answer 9

Region of cytoplasm where DNA is concentrated inside a bacterium or achaeon

Question 10

Flagellum

Answer 10

Long, slender cellular structure used for motility

Question 11

Cell wall

Answer 11

Semirigid but permeable structure that surrounds the plasma membrane of some cells

Question 12

Biofilm

Answer 12

Community of microorganisms living within a shared mass of slime.

Question 13

Nucleus

Answer 13

Protects and controls access to DNA and has membrane

Question 14

Endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 14

Routing, modifying mew polypeptide chains, synthesizing lipids and has membrane

Question 15

Golgi body

Answer 15

Modifying new polypeptide chains and lipids, sorting and shipping proteins and lipids. Membrane

Question 16

Vesicles

Answer 16

Small, membrane enclosed organelle that’s involved in Transporting, sorting, or digesting substances in a cell

Question 17

Vesicles

Answer 17

Transporting, storing, or digesting substances in a cell.

Question 18

Mitochondria

Answer 18

Make ATP to break down glucose

Question 19

Chloroplast

Answer 19

Photosynthesis in plants, some protists

Question 20

Lysosome

Answer 20

Enzyme filled vesicle that functions in Intracellular digestion

Question 21

Peroxisome

Answer 21

Enzyme filled vesicle that breaks down amino acids, fatty acids, and toxic substances

Question 22

Vacuole

Answer 22

Fluid filled organelle that isolates or disposes of waste, debris, or toxic materials.

Question 23

Ribosome

Answer 23

Assembling polypeptide chains. NO MEMBRANE

Question 24

Centriole

Answer 24

Anchor for cytoskeleton. NO MEMBRANE

Question 25

Cytoskeleton

Answer 25

Contributes to cell shape, internal organization, movement. Microtubules, microfilaments, intermediate filaments

Question 26

Rough ER

Answer 26

Modifies proteins made by ribosomes attached to it

Question 27

Smooth ER

Answer 27

Makes lipids, breaks down carbohydrates and fats, inactivates toxins

Question 28

Chromatin

Answer 28

Collective term for DNA molecules together with their associated proteins.

Question 29

Chromosome

Answer 29

A structure that consists of DNA and associated proteins; carries part or all of the cell's genetic information

Question 30

Nuclear envelope

Answer 30

A double membrane that constitutes the outer boundary of the nucleus. Pores in the membrane control which substances can cross.

Question 31

Nucleolus

Answer 31

In a cell nucleus, a dense, irregular shaped region where ribosomal subunits are assembled

Question 32

Nucleoplasm

Answer 32

Viscous fluid enclosed by the nuclear envelope

Question 33

Central vacuole

Answer 33

Fluid-filled vesicle in many plant cells

Question 34

Endomembrane system

Answer 34

Series of interacting organelles(ER, golgi, vesicles)between nucleus and plasma membrane; produces lipids, proteins.

Question 35

Chloroplast

Answer 35

Organelle of photosynthesis in the cells of plants and many protists

Question 36

Mitochondrion

Answer 36

Organelle thar produces ATP by aerobic respiration in eukaryotes

Question 37

Plastid

Answer 37

Category of double-membranes organelle in plants and algal cells. Different types specialize in photosynthesis or storage - chloroplasts and amyloplast