Chapter 4: Cellular Metabolism

Question 1

Define Metabolism

Answer 1

The building up and breaking down of molecules

Question 2

Define Anabolism and example

Answer 2

Small molecules are built up into larger ones, requiring energy. Anabolism provides all materials a cell requires for maintenance, growth and repair

Ex: Dehydration synthesis

Question 3

Define Catabolism and example

Answer 3

Larger molecules are broken down into smaller ones ones, releasing energy
Ex: Hydrolysis

Question 4

Define Metabolic Pathway

Answer 4

Lead to the synthesis or breakdown of particular bio chemicals

Question 5

Define Cofactors

Answer 5

A non protein that help the active site fold into its conformation to help bind the enzyme to its substrate

Question 6

Define Cellular Respiration and what it needs and produces

Answer 6

Process that transfers energy from molecules like glucose and makes it available for cellular use.

Needs: glucose and oxygen
Produces: Carbon Dioxide, water, and energy

Question 7

Define Phosphorylation

Answer 7

When ADP is converted back into ATP using energy released from cellular respiration to attach the 3rd Phosphate.

Question 8

Define Oxidation

Answer 8

Loss of e-

Question 9

Define Glycolysis (anaerobic process)

Answer 9

Breaking of glucose into two 3-C pyruvic acid molecules. Does not require oxygen and occurs in cytosol.
Products: NADH, 2 ATP, and two 3-carbon pyruvic molecules

Question 10

Define Citric Acid Cycle (aerobic process)

Answer 10

Sequence of rnxs, consumes oxygen and happens in the mitochondria

Produces: 2 ATP and 6 NADH, FADH

Question 11

Define Electron Transport Chain (aerobic process)

Answer 11

Series of enzyme-containing complexes that pass e-. Happens in the inner mitochondrial membranes.

Produced: CO2, H20 and 34 ATP’s

Question 12

Define Gene

Answer 12

A DNA sequence that contains the information for making a polypeptide

Question 13

Define DNA Replication

Answer 13

The process that creates an exact copy of a DNA molecule during interphase.

Question 14

Define RNA

Answer 14

Molecules that accomplish the transfer of information

Question 15

Define Transcription

Answer 15

Process of copying DNA information into an RNA sequence

Question 16

Define mRNA

Answer 16

Carries a gene;s information on how to build a specific polypeptide (protein).

Question 17

Define Translation

Answer 17

Where the mRNA is translated from the language of nucleic acids to the language of amino acids

Question 18

Define tRNA

Answer 18

Aligns amino acids in a way that enables enzymes to bond them to each other.

Question 19

Define rRNA

Answer 19

It binds tRNA and mRNA close to the ribosome