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Human Anatomy & Physiology 1 > Chapter 4 (Connective tissue) > Flashcards

Chapter 4 (Connective tissue) Flashcards

(73 cards)

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1
Q

basal surface

A

lower attached side, faces inward toward body

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1
Q

apical surface

A

upper free side, exposed to surface

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2
Q

simple epithelia

A

single layer thick

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3
Q

stratified epithelia

A

two or more layers thick and involved in protection

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4
Q

all epithelial tissues have 2 names

A
  1. number of cell layers (simple, stratified)
  2. shape of cell (squamous, cuboidal, columnar)
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5
Q

cell is named according to the shape in which layer

A

apical

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6
Q

squamous

A

flattened and scale-like

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7
Q

cuboidal

A

box-like, cube

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8
Q

columnar

A

tall, column-like

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9
Q

pseudostratified columnar epithelium

A

appears to be multi-layered and stratified, but it is single-layered simple

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10
Q

pseudostratified columnar epithelium example

A

respiratory epithelium in bronchi of the lungs

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11
Q

simple squamous epithelium example

A

alveoli in the lungs, lining of the heart

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12
Q

simple squamous epithelium

A

alveoli are thin air sacs that have to allow the exchange of gases such as carbon dioxide and oxygen

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13
Q

simple cuboidal epithelium

A

occurs in a lot of ducts and kidney tubules

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14
Q

simple cuboidal epithelium example

A

glands and ovaries

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15
Q

simple columnar epithelium

A

layer of closely packed cells in stomach to protect underlying tissues from stomach acid

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16
Q

simple columnar epithelium example

A

gastrointestinal tract

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17
Q

cilia

A

microscopic, hair-like structures or organelles that extend from the surface and help move things around

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18
Q

non ciliated example

A

simple columnar epithelium of the stomach is

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19
Q

ciliated example

A

simple columnar epithelium respiratory tract in the lungs is
(need to be able to move mucus and bacteria)

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20
Q

stratified squamous epithelium

A

usually occurs in transition areas between 2 other types of epithelia

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21
Q

nonkeratinized type

A

the moist linings of the esophagus, mouth, vagina

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22
Q

keratinized variety

A

forms the epidermis of the skin, a dry membrane

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23
Q

goblet cells are in

A

simple columnar epithelium in stomach

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24
goblet cells are
mucus-secreting unicellular glands
25
order of naming
1. ciliated or non ciliated 2. simple or stratified 3. shape 4. goblet cells or no
26
which can be ciliated
only columnar
27
pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium example
lines the trachea, most of the upper respiratory tract
28
pseudostratified non ciliated columnar epithelium example
in males’ sperm-carrying ducts
29
memorize
ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium with goblet cells
30
keratin
is a hydrophobic protein that helps retain water
31
3 types of keratinized tissue
skin, hair, and nails
32
transitional epithelium
resembles both stratified squamous and stratified cuboidal; dome shaped
33
transitional epithelium example
lines the ureters, bladder
34
types of multicellular exocrine glands
1. simple duct structure or compound duct structure (number of stems) 2. tubular secretory structure or alveolar secretory structure (2nd is thicker)
35
simple tubular
intestinal glands
36
simple branched tubular
stomach (gastric) glands
37
compound tubular
duodenal glands of small intestine
38
simple alveolar
no example in humans
39
simple branched alveolar
sebaceous (oil) glands
40
compound alveolar
mammary glands
41
compound tubuloalveolar
salivary glands
42
merocrine glands
secrete their products by exocytosis (sweat glands)
43
holocrine glands
ruptures, releases secretions (hormonal glands)
44
connective tissue classes
connective tissue proper cartilage bone tissue blood
45
connective tissue subclasses
1. loose connective tissue areolar - light airy adipose - fat reticular - 2. dense connective tissue regular irregular elastic
46
connective tissue cells
fibroblasts fibrocytes defense cells adipocytes
47
cartilage subclasses
1. hyaline cartilage 2. elastic cartilage 3. fibrocartilage
48
cartilage cells
chondroblasts found in growing cartilage chondrocytes
49
bone tissue subclasses
1. compact bones 2. spongy bones
50
bone tissue cells
osteoblasts osteocytes
51
blasts
young
52
cytes
cell
53
blood cells
erythrocytes or red blood cells (RBC) leukocytes or white blood cells (WBC) platelets
54
Connective tissue proper: loose connective tissue, areolar
Wraps and cushions organs; forms lamina propria of mucous membranes
55
Connective tissue proper: loose connective tissue, adipose
Closely packed adipocytes, or fat cells; insulates against heat loss; under skin in subcutaneous tissue - within abdomen; in breasts
56
Connective tissue proper: loose connective tissue, reticular
Fibers form a soft internal skeleton (stroma); Lymphoid organs (lymph nodes, bone marrow, and spleen)
57
Connective tissue proper: dense connective tissue, dense regular
Primarily parallel collagen fibers; Tendons, most ligaments
58
Connective tissue proper: dense connective tissue, dense irregular
Primarily irregularly arranged collagen fibers; provides structural strength; dermis of the skin; submucosa of digestive tract
59
Connective tissue proper: dense connective tissue, elastic
Allows tissue to recoil after stretching; Walls of large arteries
60
Cartilage: hyaline
Supports and reinforces; overs the ends of long bones in joint cavities; forms costal cartilages of the ribs; cartilages of the nose, trachea, and larynx.
61
Cartilage: elastic
Supports the external ear (pinna); epiglottis
62
Cartilage: fibrocartilage
Thick collagen fibers predominate; Intervertebral discs; pubic symphysis; discs of knee joint
63
Others: bone (osseous tissue)
Stores calcium and other minerals and fat; marrow inside bones is the site for blood cell formation (hematopoiesis)
64
Connective tissue: blood
Transport respiratory gases, nutrients, wastes, and other substances; Contained within blood vessels
65
Skeletal muscle
Voluntary movement; in skeletal muscles attached to bones or occasionally to skin; striations
66
Cardiac muscle
Generally uninucleate cells that interdigitate at specialized junctions (intercalated discs), branching; As it contracts, it propels blood into the circulation; walls of heart
67
Smooth muscle
Involuntary control; Mostly in the walls of hollow organs
68
Nervous tissue
Neurons are branching cells; Neurons transmit electrical signals from sensory receptors and to effectors (muscles and glands; Brain, spinal cord, and nerves
69
Classes of membranes
cutaneous mucous serous
70
Cutaneous membrane
The cutaneous membrane (the skin) covers the body surface
71
Mucous membranes
Mucous membranes line body cavities that are open to the exterior (digestive organs)
72
Serous membranes
Serous membranes line body cavities that are closed to the exterior (lungs)

Human Anatomy & Physiology 1 (8 decks)

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