Chapter 4-Energy

Question 1

Describe the various types of energy and how energy is stored in different molecules

Answer 1

Potential and Kinetic energy.

Energy cannot be destroyed or created. One way to store is in the form of chemical energy

Question 2

The electromagnetic spectrum (explain) and its relation to pigments

Answer 2

A continuum of all electromagnetic waves arranged according to frequency and length. Plants can only absorb specific wavelengths of energy. Plants produce several different types of pigments.

Question 3

Describe the locations where the reaction of photosynthesis and cellular respiration occurs in cells

Answer 3

Photosynthesis takes place in chloroplasts. Cell respiration takes place in the mitochondrian.

Question 4

The steps of photosynthesis

Answer 4

1- CO2 and H2O enter the leaf
2- Light hits the pigment in the membrane of a thylakoid, splitting the H2O into O2
3- The electrons move down to enzymes
4- Sunlight hits the second pigment molecule allowing the enzymes to convert ADP to ATP and NADPH+ gets converted to NADPH
5- The ATP and NADPH is used by the Calvin cycle as a power source for converting carbon dioxide from the atmosphere into simple sugar glucose.
6- The Calvin cycle converts 3CO2 molecules from the atmosphere to glucose

Question 5

Calvin Cycle

Answer 5

The second of two major stages in photosynthesis. Involving atmospheric l CO2 fixation and the reduction of the fixed carbon into carbohydrate.

Question 6

Steps of cellular respiration

Answer 6

1- Glycose occurs in the cytoplasm and it allows one glucose molecule to split into two molecules of pyruvic acid.
2. The translation reaction moves the pyruvic acid into the mitochondria where it is converted into acetyl coenzyme A.
3. Krebs cycle occurs in the mitochondria and produces four molecules of ammonium triphosphate and numerous molecules of reduced Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide.
4- The electron transport chain in the matter can’t you have produces approximately 32 molecules of ATP in finishes the process of cellular respiration

Question 7

“Photo” (light dependent)

Answer 7

The light dependent reactions is the first stage of photosynthesis. It converts the solar energy into chemical energy in the form of an NADPH in ATP.

Question 8

“Synthesis”(light independent)

Answer 8

The light independent reactions take place in photosynthesis . In this process sugars are made from carbon dioxide this process is also known as the Calvin cycle.

Question 9

How is oxygen produced during photosynthesis?

Answer 9

Oxygen is produced in the photolysis of water

Question 10

What types of organisms perform photosynthesis and cellular respiration?

Answer 10

Cyanobacteria, algae, and tracheophytes are organisms that perform photosynthesis. All living organisms partake in some form of cellular respiration.

Question 11

How the electron transport chain produces ATP and the role of oxygen in the electron transport chain

Answer 11

1. In the mitochondria, the NADH and F a DH donate electrons to the electron transport chain.
2. Oxygen is the final electron acceptor from the ETC
3. The ETC uses the energy from the electrons to transport H plus against the concentration gradient, transporting them from the lumen of the mitochondria into the inter-membrane space.
4. The ATP synthase transports the H plus back to the lumen of the mitochondria
5. The H plus falling to the ATP synthase provides the energy for the ATP synthase to catalyze the reaction of ADP + P to ATP

Question 12

ATP

Answer 12

The energy currency of life