Chapter 4: Growth Of A Police State and show trials

Question 1

When was the congress of victors?

Answer 1

February 1934

Question 2

What happened in February 1934?

Answer 2

Congress of victors

Question 3

What happened in the February 1934 Congress of victors?

Answer 3

Delegates from the USSR came together to celebrate Stalin’s industrial policy. 1/4 voted against the re-election in the central commitee but Stalin covered it up

Question 4

What proportion voted against Stalin’s re-election in the Central Committee in the February 1934?

Answer 4

1/4 but Stalin covered it out

Question 5

What was the name of the congress that had began the Great terror?

Answer 5

‘Congress of the Damned’

Question 6

What happened within three years from the February 1934 Congress of Victors?

Answer 6

1000/12,000 delegates were executed

Question 7

How did Stalin feel after the Congress of Victors in February 1934?

Answer 7

Unable to trust anyone

Question 8

What was the impact of the fall of Zinoviev, Trotsky and Bukharin on Stalin?

Answer 8

Felt that he would fall victim to the same fate

Question 9

Why was Stalin fearful of older communists?

Answer 9

Feared that they would know the truth of his rise

Question 10

Who could Stalin blame as a result of the Great Terror?

Answer 10

Able to blame economic problems on political enemies

Question 11

What did the purges provide?

Answer 11

Cheap labour

Question 12

How many convictions were there in 1931?

Answer 12

180,696

Question 13

In what year were there 180,696 convictions?

Answer 13

1931

Question 14

How many executions were there in 1931?

Answer 14

10,651

Question 15

In what year were there 10,651 executions?

Answer 15

1931

Question 16

How many convictions were there in 1936

Answer 16

274,670

Question 17

In what year were there 274,670 convictions?

Answer 17

1936

Question 18

How many executions were there in 1936?

Answer 18

1,118

Question 19

In what year were there 1,118 execution?

Answer 19

1936

Question 20

Why were there less executions in 1936?

Answer 20

More convicts used for forced labour

Question 21

What was the impact of terror economics?

Answer 21

Able to employ labour through convictions

Able to blame economic problems and weakness on political enemies (wreckers)

Question 22

What was Nikolayev accused of?

Answer 22

Convicted of murder and accused as a member of the secret Trotsky-ite group

Question 23

Who was convicted of murder and accused as a member of the secret Trotsky-ite group?

Answer 23

Nikolayev

Question 24

How did Stalin use Nikolayev’s trial?

Answer 24

Rid him of all politcal opponents

Question 25

Was Nikolayev a member of any secret group?

Answer 25

Not a member of any secret group and no evidence of an organised ploy to bring down Soviets and there was no evidence that Stalin was apart of this

Question 26

What was the role of Chistka between 1932-3?

Answer 26

Oversaw their removal of 20% of the party, non violently, as part of a post collectivisation clearing out process

Question 27

Who oversaw their removal of 20% of the party, non violently, as part of a post collectivisation clearing out process between 1932-3?

Answer 27

Chistka

Question 28

When had Chistka removed 20% of the party, non violently, as part of a post collectivisation clearing out process?

Answer 28

1932-33

Question 29

What happened in September 1936?

Answer 29

Yagoda was replaced with Yezhov People’s Commissar for Internal Affairs (Head of NKVD)

Question 30

When had Yagoda was replaced with Yezhov as People’s Commissar for Internal Affairs (Head of NKVD)?

Answer 30

September 1936

Question 31

Who replaced Yagoda in September 1936 as the People’s Commissar for Internal Affairs (Head of NKVD)?

Answer 31

Yezhov

Question 32

How did Stalin regard Yagoda?

Answer 32

Never trusted him | Thought of him as incompetent (Trial of Sixteen not harsh enough)

Question 33

What happened to the NKVD between 1936-7?

Answer 33

Radicalisation of the NKVD

Question 34

When had Stalin began to question the loyalty of Yagoda?

Answer 34

From a 1928 secret report

Question 35

What happened in March 1938?

Answer 35

Yagoda was executed

Question 36

When was Yagoda executed?

Answer 36

March 1938

Question 37

What change happened to the NKVD?

Answer 37

Purged

Question 38

How did Stalin speed things up?

Answer 38

Set targets for arrests executions and exiles NKVD itself was purged New recruits were thugs or career administrators

Question 39

When was the trial of Sixteen?

Answer 39

August 1936

Question 40

What happened in August 1936?

Answer 40

Trial of Sixteen

Question 41

What was the August 1936 Trial of Sixteen purging?

Answer 41

The left

Question 42

Who was on trial in the August 1936 Trial of Sixteen?

Answer 42

Zinoviev, Kamenev and 14 other comrades

Question 43

What trial included Zinoviev, Kamenev and 14 other comrades?

Answer 43

August 1936 Trial of Sixteen

Question 44

What purged the prominent leader of the left?

Answer 44

August 1936 Trial of Sixteen

Question 45

What were those on trial in the August 1936 Trial of Sixteen charged with?

Answer 45

Murder of Kirov Conspiring with foreign powers Plotting to disrupt the Five year power

Question 46

In what trial were those on trial charged with: Murder of Kirov Conspiring with foreign powers Plotting to disrupt the Five year power

Answer 46

August 1936 Trial of Sixteen

Question 47

What was the result of the August 1936 Trial of Sixteen?

Answer 47

Zinoviev and Kamenev were both shot

Question 48

What trial led to Zinoviev and Kamenev both being shot?

Answer 48

August 1936 Trial of Sixteen

Question 49

How did Zinoviev attend his execution?

Answer 49

Weeping

Question 50

What happened around the time of the August 1936 Trial of Sixteen?

Answer 50

43 other high ranking officials (former allies of those who were executed) also disappeared around this time without explanation

Question 51

When had 43 other high ranking officials (former allies of those who were executed) disappeared without explanation?

Answer 51

Around the time of the August 1936 Trial of Sixteen

Question 52

When was the trial of seventeen?

Answer 52

1937

Question 53

What happened in 1937?

Answer 53

Trial of Seventeen

Question 54

Who was targeted in the 1937 trial of seventeen?

Answer 54

Trotsky and his supporters were targeted

Question 55

Who were those on trial charged with in the 1937 trial of seventeen?

Answer 55

Plotting with foreign powers Terrorism Sabotage Contacting Trotsky

Question 56

``` In what trial, were those convicted charged with: Plotting with foreign powers Terrorism Sabotage Contacting Trotsky ```

Answer 56

1937 trial of seventeen

Question 57

What techniques did Yezhov use?

Answer 57

Interrogation | E.g. Conveyor belt interrogation, where torture, sleep deprivation and questions happened until there was a confession

Question 58

In the 1937 Trial of Seventeen, how many were executed?

Answer 58

13/17

Question 59

In what trial were 13/17 of those on trial executed?

Answer 59

1937 Trial of Seventeen

Question 60

In the 1937 Trial of Seventeen, how many were sent to the gulags?

Answer 60

4 sent to the gulags to die

Question 61

In what trial were 4 people sent to the gulags?

Answer 61

1937 Trial of Seventeen

Question 62

What was an example of a forged confession?

Answer 62

More obvious (Confessing to murdering Kirov whilst they had been in custody)

Question 63

How did Stalin persuade the party to allow the execution of Zinoviev and Kamenev?

Answer 63

He promised that Bukharin would not have the same fate

Question 64

What was the impact of Stalin promising not to execute Bukharin?

Answer 64

Communist party accepted the execution of Zinoviev and Kamenev

Question 65

What happened on the 10th of September 1937?

Answer 65

Pravda announced the investigation against Bukharin was closed

Question 66

When had Pravda announced the investigation against Bukharin was closed?

Answer 66

10th September 1937

Question 67

Why was there the ‘sharpening class struggle’?

Answer 67

This term meant the bourgeoisie were increasing in the want to hold onto capitalism and would therefore fight and this was used an excuse for the terror under Stalin

Question 68

When was the doctrine of ‘sharpening class struggle’?

Answer 68

Feb-March Central Committee meeting of 1937

Question 69

What was adopted in the Feb-March Central Committee meeting of 1937?

Answer 69

Doctrine of ‘sharpening class struggle’

Question 70

What was the result of the Feb-March Central Committee meeting of 1937?

Answer 70

Despite the loyalty of those who attended, 70% would be executed in the next three months

Question 71

When was the trial of twenty one?

Answer 71

March 1938

Question 72

What happened in March 1938?

Answer 72

Trial of Twenty One

Question 73

What did the March 1938 Trial of Twenty One purge?

Answer 73

Right

Question 74

What trial purged the right side of the party?

Answer 74

March 1938: Trial of the Twenty One

Question 75

Who was put on trial in the March 1938 Trial of Twenty One?

Answer 75

Bukharin, Rykov and their accomplices

Question 76

In what trial were Bukharin, Rykov and their accomplices put on trial?

Answer 76

March 1938 Trial of Twenty One

Question 77

What were the charges in the March 1938 Trial of Twenty One?

Answer 77

Attempting to overthrow socialism Murdering Kirov Bukharin was charged with the assassination of Lenin

Question 78

In what trial were those charged with: Attempting to overthrow socialism Murdering Kirov Bukharin was charged with the assassination of Lenin

Answer 78

March 1938 Trial of Twenty One

Question 79

What was the result of the March 1938 Trial of Twenty One?

Answer 79

Bukharin confessed to political responsibility for the crimes but never confessed to anything that actually happened, after Stalin threatened his wife and newborn child