Chapter 4: Hemispheric Specialization

Question 1

What did W.J. have wrong? What did this do?

Answer 1

W.J. had terrible epilepsy and had his corpus callosum cut

Question 2

Cut the corpus callosum in order to stop epilepsy between hemispheres

Answer 2

Split-brain

Question 3

Differences in hemispheres, called functional asymmetry, can be shown how?

Answer 3

Right protrudes anterior, chubbier frontal
Left protrudes posterior, larger occipital

Question 4

Used to determine which hemisphere contains the brain’s
speech center.

Answer 4

Wada Test

Question 5

The large sulcus that defines the superior border of the temporal lobe, more prominent upward curl in the right hemisphere

Answer 5

Sylvian Fissure

Question 6

The cortical area at the center of Wernicke’s area, larger in left hemisphere

Answer 6

Planum temporale

Question 7

Areas in corresponding locations in the two hemisphere known to be functionally asymmetrical

Answer 7

Homotopic Areas

Question 8

Those that go to a CORRESPONDING region in other hemisphere

Answer 8

Homotopic connections

Question 9

Those that travel to DIFFERENT regions in other hemisphere

Answer 9

Heterotopic connections

Question 10

Bundle of myelinated axons that connects L Hemi to R hemi

Answer 10

Corpus callosum

Question 11

1/10th of corpus callosum that primarily connects regions of the temporale

Answer 11

Anterior Commisure

Question 12

Smaller than other, contains fibers that contribute to the pupillary light reflex

Answer 12

Posterior commissure

Question 13

Callosal connections have multiple presumed roles, but the most thought of one is that

Answer 13

each hemisphere inhibits the other

Question 14

Who made the discovery that when C.C and anterior commissure are sectioned, such visual discrimination learned by one hemisphere did not transfer to the other

Answer 14

Myers and Sperry

Question 15

The surgery of splitting the brain is called

Answer 15

callosotomy

Question 16

The notion that different regions have specific functions

Answer 16

Cerebral specialization

Question 17

What hemi. functions in visiospatial perception, creativity/intuition, image processing

Answer 17

Right

Question 18

What hemi. functions in speech/language, word recognition, and logical reasoning

Answer 18

Left

Question 19

Spontaneous V voluntary facial expressions of Parkinsons patients

Answer 19

Unable to produce spontaneous facial expressions, whereas the pathways that support voluntary expressions work

Question 20

The cognitive ability to understand others have different mental states

Answer 20

Theory of mind

Question 21

Who lacks Theory of mind

Answer 21

Very young children

Question 22

What hemisphere is the interpreter?

Answer 22

Left

Question 23

Split brain patient shown two pictures, one for the right, one for the left, ____________________________

Answer 23

when patient tries to explain right, the left takes over and responds based on context consistency (Gazzaniga and LeDoux)

Question 24

Split brain patients asked to look at pictures depicting an everyday storyline. What did this find?

Answer 24

Phelp and Gazzaniga
Left cannot weed out pictures when they fit the general scan

Question 25

The left hemisphere tends to make more semantic inferences than the right hemisphere Right is unable to infer causality

Answer 25

Smylie and Gazzaniga

Question 26

During dichotic listening tasks, the participant produced words that were primarily played in the right ear

Answer 26

Right-ear advantage

Question 27

What experimental designs randomly allocating participants to different conditions Between or within subjects?

Answer 27

Between

Question 28

What experimental design is that all participants take part in ALL conditions of an experiment? Between or within

Answer 28

Within

Question 29

The surgical process of splitting the corpus callosum

Answer 29

callosotomy

Question 30

If callosal fibers are ________, they provide a means for each hemisphere to compete for what?

Answer 30

inhibitory; control of current processing

Question 31

The left hemisphere is mainly in control of (3)

Answer 31

language, speech, problem solving

Question 32

The right hemisphere is mainly in control of (3)

Answer 32

Visuospatial, face recognition, and music

Question 33

The right visual field directly interacts with the _________ hemisphere? Vice versa?

Answer 33

Left; LVF=right hemi

Question 34

What are the three methodical issues of studying the brain?

Answer 34

1. patients are not neurologically normal before 2. were the transcortical connections were completely sectioned? 3. Need to eliminate the possibility of cross-cuing

Question 35

What is cross-cuing?

Answer 35

When one part of hemisphere cues the other to perform an action

Question 36

Cerebral specialization

Answer 36

Different regions have different functions

Question 37

Emotional prosody

Answer 37

The emotion that is in language (YEAH!! vs. yeah)

Question 38

Commit figurations focus on what differences between two focal points

Answer 38

Global and local

Question 39

Global and local in house example

Answer 39

Global: that is a house local: that house has windows

Question 40

Patients with left lesions were slow to identify (local or global)

Answer 40

Local

Question 41

Patients with right lesions were slow to identify (local or global)

Answer 41

Global

Question 42

The realization that others thoughts are not the same as ours

Answer 42

Theory of mind

Question 43

Who has not developed theory of mind?

Answer 43

Children

Question 44

Where is theory of mind rooted?

Answer 44

Right hemisphere temp/parietal lobe