Chapter 4 - Investment Appraisal Flashcards
(44 cards)
Interest rate investor demands
Risk free rate + Inflation premium + default risk + liquidity premium + maturity premium
Future Value
Present Value * (1+R)n
Present Value
Future Value/ (1+R)n
Future Value - Continuous Compounding
PeRT: Present^e(decimalised interest rate * years)
Present Value - Continuous Compounding
Future^e-(decimalised interest rate * years)
APR
(1+ (nominal/number of payments))^n -1
AER - more than one compounding period per year
(1+ (nominal/number of payments))^n -1
AER - less than one compounding period per year
(1+ (periodic rate)^(1-number of years))-1
Net present value
NPV = 0 NPV = Present value of inflows - present value of outflows
Approximate IRR
2/3 * (profit from project/initial outlay)
Gordons Growth Model
Discounted Cash Flows
Present Div * (1+rate of growth))/(investors required rate - dividend growth rate
Standard Deviation
σ = (Σ(X-X̄)^2)/n
Sigma when whole data set
Sample when sample: divide by n-1
Stats mode on calculator
MODE 2 then 1
Mean of table on calculator
SHIFT 1, 4, 2
Standard deviation on calculator - sigma
SHIFT 1, 4, 3
Standard deviation on calculator - sample
SHIFT 1, 4, 4
Information Ratio
Information Ratio = Extra Return/Extra RIsk
Information ratio = alpha/ standard deviation of excess return
The higher the information ratio the better
Gross Profit Margin
(Gross profit/Revenue) *100
Operating Profit Margin
(Operating Profit/Revenue) * 100
Gross Profit
= Revenue - Cost of sales
ROCE
= (Operating Profit/Capital Employed) * 100
or operating profit margin * asset turnover
Capital employed= Total Assets - Current Liabilities
Asset Turnover
= Revenue / Capital Employed
Operational Gearing Ratio
= ((Revenue-variable costs) /Profit)*100
Current Ratio
= Current Assets/ Current Liabilities
eg.
Short term assets/Short term liabilities
