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CNA > Chapter 4 Key Terms > Flashcards

Chapter 4 Key Terms Flashcards

1
Q

homeostasis

A

the condition in which all of the body’s systems are working at their best

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2
Q

metabolism

A

physical and chemical processes by which substances are broken down or transformed into energy or products for use by the body

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3
Q

dilate

A

to widen

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4
Q

constrict

A

to narrow

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5
Q

atrophy

A

the wasting away, decreasing in size, and weakening of muscles from lack of use

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6
Q

contracture

A

the permanent and often painful shortening of a muscle or tendon, usually due to lack of activity

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7
Q

inflammation

A

swelling

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8
Q

autoimmune illness

A

an illness in which the body’s immune system attacks normal tissue in the body

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9
Q

rheumatoid arthritis

A

a type of arthritis in which joints become inflamed, red, swollen, and very painful, resulting in restricted movement and possible deformities

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10
Q

osteoarthritis

A

common type of arthritis that usually affects the hips, knees, fingers, thumbs, and spine; also called degenerative joint disease (DJD) or degenerative arthritis

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11
Q

osteoporosis

A

a disease that causes bones to become porous and brittle, causing them to break easily

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12
Q

menopause

A

the end of menstruation; occurs when a woman has not had a menstrual period for 12 months

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13
Q

Partial Weight-Bearing (PWB)

A

a doctor’s order stating that a person is able to support some body weight on one or both legs

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14
Q

Non-Weight Bearing (NWB)

A

a doctor’s order stating that a person is unable to touch the floor or support any body weight on one or both legs

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15
Q

Full-Weight Bearing (FWB)

A

a doctor’s order stating that a person has the ability to support full body weight (100%) on both legs

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16
Q

hemiplegia

A

paralysis on one side of the body

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17
Q

hemiparesis

A

weakness on one side of the body

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18
Q

expressive aphasia

A

trouble communicating thoughts through speech or writing

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19
Q

receptive aphasia

A

difficulty understanding spoken or written words

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20
Q

emotional lability

A

inappropriate or unprovoked emotional responses, including laughing, crying, and anger

21
Q

dysphagia

A

difficulty swallowing

22
Q

gait

A

manner of walking

23
Q

paraplegia

A

the loss of function of the lower body and legs

24
Q

quadriplegia

A

loss of function of legs, trunk, and arms

25
Q

Hypertension (HTN)

A

high blood pressure, measuring 130/80 or higher

26
Q

diuretics

A

medications that reduce fluid volume in the body

27
Q

angina

A

chest pain, pressure, or discomfort

28
Q

respiration

A

the process of inhaling air into the lungs and exhaling air out of the lungs

29
Q

inspiration

A

the process of inhaling air into the lungs

30
Q

expiration

A

the process of exhaling air out the lungs

31
Q

dyspnea

A

difficulty breathing

32
Q

urinary incontinence

A

the inability to control the bladder, which leads to an involuntary loss or urine

33
Q

digestion

A

the process of preparing food physically and chemically so that it can be absorbed into the cells

34
Q

absorption

A

the transfer of nutrients from the intestines to the cells

35
Q

elimination

A

the process of expelling solid wastes (made up of the waste products of food and fluids) that are not absorbed into the cells

36
Q

fecal incontinence

A

the inability to control the bowels, leading to involuntary passage of stool

37
Q

constipation

A

the inability to eliminate stool, or the infrequent, difficult, and often painful elimination of a hard, dry stool

38
Q

enema

A

a specific amount of water, with or without an additive, that is introduced into the colon to stimulate the elimination of stool

39
Q

ostomy

A

a surgically created opening from an area inside the body to the outside

40
Q

stoma

A

an artificial opening in the body

41
Q

glands

A

organs that produce and secrete chemicals called hormones

42
Q

diabetes

A

a condition in which the pancreas produces too little insulin or does not properly use insulin

43
Q

insulin

A

a hormone that works to move glucose from the blood and into the cells for energy for the body

44
Q

glucose

A

natural sugar

45
Q

prediabetes

A

a condition that occurs when a person’s blood glucose levels are above normal but are not high enough for a diagnoses of type 2 diabetes

46
Q

gestational diabetes

A

type of diabetes that appears in pregnant women who have never had diabetes before but who have high glucose levels during pregnancy

47
Q

reproduce

A

to create a new human life

48
Q

gonads

A

sex glands

49
Q

tumor

A

a cluster of abnormally growing cells

CNA (9 decks)

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