Chapter 4 Key Terms Flashcards
(34 cards)
Albany Plan
- conference of colonial leaders negotiate treaty with Iroquois
- Ben Franklin basically proposes federalism (appointed “president general” and elected legislature)
- not approved by anyone
Colonial postal service
Helped to increase communication/inter colonial trade
French and Indian War
- 1750s
- English, French, Iroquois
- established English dominance
- brought up underlying tensions b/w England and colonies bc of prolonged contact
Seigneuries
Large estates on banks of St Lawrence River established by “feudal lords”
Creoles
- White immigrants of French descent
- own Slave plantations in lower Mississippi / Louisiana
Iroquois Confederacy
- Defensive alliance of 5 Indian nations (Mohawk, Seneca, Cayuga, Onondaga, and Oneida)
- traded with both English and French, played them against each other
Ohio Valley
- competition for English, French, and Native Americans
- principal area of conflict
King George’s War
- 1744-48
- English vs French, American colonists get involved
- caused relations between English French and Iroquois to deteriorate
First royal colony
New Jersey 1702
Fort Necessity
- Washington and his troops trapped inside by the French
- Washington surrendered
- marked beginning of French and Indian War
William Pitt
- English Secretary of State
- brought American war effort (French&indian war) under British control
- at first, strict military policy, later relaxed control bc of colonial resistance threatening alliance
Impressment
British commanders forcibly enlist colonists to replenish the army
George Grenville
- English prime Minister 1763
- colonists had been too long indulged and should be compelled to obey the laws and to pay a part of the cost defending and administering the empire
- tried to impose new system of control upon loose colonies
Proclamation of 1763
- London controls westward expansion
- slow down settlement
- reserve opportunities for Englishmen rather than colonists
Sugar Act (1764)
- strengthened enforcement of duty on sugar
- lowered duty on molasses
- damage market for sugar growing colonies & New England merchants
Currency Act (1764)
-required colonial assemblies to stop issuing paper money & retire on schedule all paper money in circulation
Stamp Act (1765)
- imposed tax on most printed docs in colonies (almanacs, newspapers, deeds, wills, licenses)
- crossed the line for the colonists (taxation without representation)
Paxton Boys
- band of ppl from w Philadelphia
- demand relief from colonial taxes (not British)
- demand money to help defend themselves from Indians
- get concessions to avoid conflict
Regulators
- farmers in Carolina upcountry
- organized opposition to the high taxes that local sheriffs collected
- underrepresented in colonial assembly
- violent revolt crushed
Patrick Henry
- Virginia aristocrat in house of burgesses, dramatic speech
- introduced Virginia Resolves
Virginia Resolves
- set of resolutions by Patrick Henry
- Americans have same rights as English (no tax without rep)
Stamp Act Congress
- oct 1765 NY
- reps from 9 colonies petition the king saying that colonies can only be taxed thru their own provincial assemblies
Sons of Liberty
- terrorized stamp agents and burned stamps
- Boston
Declaratory Act
- Assert parliament’s authority over the colonies in all cases whatsoever
- compensation for repealing the Stamp Act