Chapter 4: Lipids

Question 1

What word is used interchangeably with fat?

Answer 1

Lipid

Question 2

An important major nutrient for our diets

Answer 2

Lipids

Question 3

Experts believe it is primarily __________ causing people to gain weight.

Answer 3

Sugar (Simple CHO’s)

Question 4

*A leading preventable cause of death world wide

Answer 4

Obesity

Question 5

*Obesity rate in the state of KY

Answer 5

30-35 %

Question 6

*How many people are over weight in the world?

Answer 6

According to WHO (World Health Organization), there are 1.9 Billion people over weight.

Question 7

*Chemically lipids contain….

Answer 7

Carbon
Hydrogen
Oxygen
Phosphorus

Question 8

Unique characteristics of Lipids:

Answer 8

• They are insoluble in water

* They will either float or roll around in globules

Question 9

The right kind of ______ can be valuable to the diet and body.

Answer 9

Fat

Question 10

What is not a good idea to eliminate from your diet?

Answer 10

Fat

Question 11

*Lipids function in the body:

Answer 11

• Insulate against cold
• Cushion
• Components of all body cells
• Good source of energy
• Give a sense of being satisfied (satiety) and slow digestion
• Carry fat soluble vitamins A,D,E,K
• Beneficial in that they are needed to absorb valuable fat-soluble phytonutrients (beta-carotene and lycopene)
• Provide essential nutrients linoleic and linoleic acids
• Make foods taste good and give them smooth/creamy texture

Question 12

*Triglycerides

Answer 12

The largest category of lipids, including 95% of all fats found in food and adipose tissue

Question 13

When stored in adipose tissue, what becomes the largest fuel reserve and provide insulation?

Answer 13

Triglycerides

Question 14

Triglycerides contain:

Answer 14

•Carbon
•Oxygen
•Hydrogen atoms in 2 parts:
  -Glycerol
  -Fatty acids

Question 15

SFA (Saturated)

Answer 15

No double bonds

Question 16

MUFA (monounsaturated)

Answer 16

One double bond

Question 17

PUFA (Polyunsaturated)

Answer 17

More than one double bond

Question 18

*Fatty acids can be:

Answer 18

• Saturated
• Monounsaturated
• Polyunsaturated

Question 19

Saturated Fatty Acids:

Answer 19

Animal Fat

(Solid at room temperature)

Question 20

Ex. Of Saturated Fatty Acids:

Answer 20

• Butter
• Chocolate
• Cheese
• Marbling fat on beef or pork

Question 21

What are Saturated Fatty Acids associated with and what will they do?

Answer 21

Associated with:
•increased risk of cardiovascular disease
•Hypertension
•Colon Cancer
-Will raise blood cholesterol levels

Question 23

Saturated Fatty Acids are correlated with:

Answer 23

• Increased risk in CVD
• Breast Cancer
• Colon Cancer

Question 24

Unsaturated Fatty Acids:

Answer 24

Plants

Liquid at room temperature

Question 25

Ex. Of Unsaturated Fatty Acids

Answer 25

• Olive
• Corn
• Canola oil

Question 26

Unsaturated Fatty Acids are ________ and _________.

Answer 26

* Monounsaturated-Oleic Acid | * Polyunsaturated- Linoleic Acid

Question 27

Monounsaturated Fats:

Answer 27

* Not associated with any health problems * May lower your LDL (Low density lipoprotein) which is the bad cholesterol * May raise your HDL (High density lipoprotein) which is the good cholesterol * Thought to lower the risk of CVD

Question 28

What does hydrogenation do?

Answer 28

It infuses hydrogen into the fatty acid chain so that any “vacant” double bonds become full

Question 29

This type of lipid is called a trans fat:

Answer 29

Hydrogenation

Question 30

Which lipid has the same affect on the body as saturated fats?

Answer 30

Hydrogenation

Question 31

Trans Fats are created when:

Answer 31

Oils are partially “hydrogenated”

Question 32

What turns liquid oil into Crisco or stick margarines and also makes oil more stable so that it can be reused?

Answer 32

Hydrogenation

Question 33

Once food has been infused with hydrogen:

Answer 33

It is no longer considered Saturated, monounsaturated, or Polyunsaturated

Question 34

What fat is damaging to the arteries and referred to as the “Secret Killer”?

Answer 34

Trans Fats

Question 35

Cut trans fats from your diet by:

Answer 35

* Avoiding foods that day “partially hydrogenated oil” * Avoiding deep fried foods * Using olive oil and canola oil when cooking * Using tub margarine rather than stick

Question 36

How are Essential Fatty Acids obtained?

Answer 36

From food in our diets

Question 37

The 2 Essential Fatty Acids that our body is unable to make commonly referred to as “Omega Oils”:

Answer 37

Omega 3- Linolenic Acid | Omega 6- Linoleic Acid

Question 38

Omega 3-Linolenic Acid

Answer 38

``` Found in: •Flaxseed •Canola •Soybean Oil •Walnuts •Tuna •Salmon ```

Question 39

Omega 6-Linoleic Acid

Answer 39

Found in: | •vegetable oils

Question 40

Omega 3 is referred to as

Answer 40

Anticardiovascular disease nutrient

Question 41

Omega 3 aids in:

Answer 41

Forming substances that reduce blood clot formation (keeping the blood thin)

Question 42

The 2nd category of lipids in our body:

Answer 42

Phospholipids

Question 43

How phospholipids function in our body:

Answer 43

As emulsifiers that keep molecules of fat and water in solution

Question 44

Makes up the cell membrane and controls things that move in and out of a cell: (Great for cooking because they keep foods from separating)

Answer 44

Phospholipids

Question 45

The 3rd category of lipids:

Answer 45

Sterols

Question 46

The most common sterol in our food and bodies:

Answer 46

Cholesterol

Question 47

Sterols are:

Answer 47

Lipids who’s carbons form rings instead of chains. They contain no fatty acids

Question 48

*Used as a forerunner in our bodies to make Vitamin D and sex hormones:

Answer 48

Cholesterol

Question 49

Excessive intake of cholesterol has been associated with:

Answer 49

CVD

Question 50

Routinely eating food containing cholesterol can cause:

Answer 50

Buildup of fatty deposits in the arteries

Question 51

Most foods that are high in cholesterol are also high in:

Answer 51

Saturated fats | -More harmful to the arteries than fats

Question 52

Lipoproteins:

Answer 52

•Allows fats to travel through the bloodstream to bring lipids to every body cell •They are soluble in oil and water •They can circulate freely through the blood -Fats can also remain soluble and NOT separate from the liquid blood

Question 53

What are lipoproteins?

Answer 53

Triglycerides coated with protein, cholesterol, and phospholipids

Question 54

What is Chylomicron?

Answer 54

A lipoprotein that formed during lipid absorption in the small intestines, carried by the lymph system into the bloodstream to be used for energy

Question 55

*3 other types of important lipoproteins:

Answer 55

* HDLs * LDLs * Very low density lipoproteins

Question 56

HDL(High density lipoprotein)

Answer 56

Made in the liver and small intestines and contains more protein than cholesterol

Question 57

LDL (Low density Lipoprotein)

Answer 57

Carry cholesterol to the hearts arteries, where it can narrow the vessels walls (clog) and restrict blood flow to the heart and contain more cholesterol than protein

Question 58

VLDL (Very low density lipoproteins)

Answer 58

Contributes to CVD as well an is mostly cholesterol

Question 59

*Desirable blood cholesterol should be:

Answer 59

180mg/dL

Question 60

LDL should be:

Answer 60

Less than 130

Question 61

HDL should be:

Answer 61

Over 60

Question 62

How many mg of cholesterol should an average weight person have per day?

Answer 62

300mg

Question 63

Polyunsaturated Fats:

Answer 63

* Not related to any health problems | * Possibly a relationship between this fat and certain reproductive organ cancers