Chapter 4 Metals

Question 1

alkali metal

Answer 1

a group 1 metal

Question 2

alloy

Answer 2

a substance formed when other materials are mixed with a metal

Question 3

blast furnace

Answer 3

a type of furnace used for the extraction of metals from their ores, including iron from iron oxides

Question 4

cation

Answer 4

a positively charged iron

Question 5

circular economy

Answer 5

an economy based on a model of production and consumption that aims to design out waste and pollution, keep products and materials in use and regenerate natural systems

Question 6

coke

Answer 6

a solid that contains 80-90% carbon and is produced by strongly heating coal in the absence of air

Question 7

conductor

Answer 7

an object or type of material that permits the flow of electric charges

Question 8

crystal

Answer 8

a solid made up of atoms or molecules arranged in a repeating three-dimensional pattern

Question 9

delocalise

Answer 9

spread out

Question 10

delocalised electron

Answer 10

an electron that is not restricted to the region between two atoms

Question 11

density

Answer 11

a measure of the amount of mass per unit volume

Question 12

ductile

Answer 12

able to be drawn into a wire

Question 13

e-waste

Answer 13

electronic waste; electronic products that are unwanted, not working and at the end of their life cycle

Question 14

effective nuclear charge

Answer 14

the net positive charge experienced by an electron in an outer shell of an atom; indicates the attractive force felt by the valence electrons towards the nucleus

Question 15

electrolysis

Answer 15

the production of a reaction by the passage of electrical energy from a power supply through a conducting liquid

Question 16

ferrous

Answer 16

a material containing iron

Question 17

in-situ leaching

Answer 17

solution mining; involves leaving the ore where it is in the ground and recovering the minerals from it by dissolving them and pumping the solution to the surface where the minerals can be recovered

Question 18

inert

Answer 18

not chemically reactive

Question 19

ionisation energy

Answer 19

the energy required to remove one electron from an atom of an element in the gas phase

Question 20

lattice

Answer 20

a regular arrangement of large numbers of atoms, ions or molecules

Question 21

limestone

Answer 21

a mineral composed of calcium carbonate

Question 22

linear economy

Answer 22

an economy in which raw materials are used to make a product, and after its use, the product is thrown away

Question 23

lustrous

Answer 23

having the quality of reflecting light in a glossy and shiny way

Question 24

malleable

Answer 24

able to be bent or beaten into sheets

Question 25

metallic bonding

Answer 25

the electrostatic attractive forces between delocalised valence electrons and positively charged metal ions

Question 26

metallic bonding model

Answer 26

a model that explains the properties and behaviour of metals in terms of the particles in metals

Question 27

mineral

Answer 27

a naturally occurring inorganic substance that is solid and can be represented by a chemical formula

Question 28

molten

Answer 28

materials that are normally found as solids but are liquid, melted, due to elevated temperature

Question 29

non-ferrous

Answer 29

a metal other than iron or steel

Question 30

ore

Answer 30

a mineral or an aggregate of minerals that contains a valuable constituent, such as metal, which is mined or extracted

Question 31

primary smelter

Answer 31

an installation or factory that is used to extract metals from their ores using high temperatures; scrap metal is also processed in some primary smelters

Question 32

reactivity

Answer 32

the ease with which a chemical can undergo reactions

Question 33

reactivity series of metals

Answer 33

a ranking of metals in increasing order of their reactivity

Question 34

roasting

Answer 34

a process of heating a sulfide ore to a high temperature in air

Question 35

scrap metal

Answer 35

discarded metal that is suitable for reprocessing

Question 36

secondary smelter

Answer 36

an installation or factory that is used to extract metals from scrap metals using high temperatures

Question 37

slag

Answer 37

a mixture of waste materials left over after a desired metal has been removed from its ore

Question 38

smelting

Answer 38

a process of applying heat to ore to extract a metal

Question 39

steel

Answer 39

a generally hard, strong, durable and not malleable alloy of iron and carbon

Question 40

tensile strength

Answer 40

the maximum resistance of a material to a force which is pulling it apart before breaking, measured as the maximum stress the material can withstand without tearing

Question 41

transition metal

Answer 41

an element in groups 3-12 of the periodic table