Chapter 4 Periodic Table of Elements Flashcards

(20 cards)

1
Q

What is the periodic table of elements?

A

Classifies known chemical elements in a table according to certain characteristics

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2
Q

What was Antoine Lavoisier’s contribution to the periodic table

A
  • Classified elements according to certain groups such as gases, non metals, metals and metal oxide
  • Less accurate because he classified light, heat and a few compounds as elements
  • Several elements were classified into same group but showed different chemical properties
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3
Q

What was Johanna W. Dobereiner contribution to the periodic table

A
  • Founded the triad classification, which showed the relationship between the chemical properties of elements and atomic mass
  • ie: Bromine, chrorine and Iodine
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4
Q

What was John Newlands contribution to the periodic table

A
  • Arranged elements according to their increasing atomic masses
  • Law Of Octaves, which arranged seven elements in a row because he found that the chemical and physical properties of the first element recurred at every eighth element
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5
Q

What was Lother Meyer’s contirbution to the periodic table

A
  • Plotted the graph of atomic volume against atomic mass of elements
  • Found that elements at equivalent positions on the curve of the graph had similar chemical properties
  • Proved the recurrence in properties of elements
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6
Q

What was Dmitri Mendelev contribution to the periodic table?

A
  • Arranged elements according to their increasing atomic masses
  • Only elements with similar chemical properties were arranged int he same vertical columns and left several empty spaces in his periodic table
  • He was successful in predicting the properties of undiscovered elements
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7
Q

What was Henry Mosely’s contribution to the periodic table?

A
  • Found a relationship between X-ray spectrum and proton numbers
  • Proposed that each element ought to have its own proton number
  • Arranged each element according to their increasing proton numbers and also left empty spaces in his periodic table`
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8
Q

How is the periodic table arranged?

A

Arranged in the ascending order of proton numbers, ranging from 1 to 118
Elements with the same chemical properties are placed in the same vertical columns

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9
Q

What are the vertical columns in the periodic table called?

A

Groups

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10
Q

What are the horizontal rows in the periodic table called? and how many are there?

A

Periods, 7

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11
Q

Why are noble gases chemically unreactive ?

A
  • Valence shells are fully filled with electrons
  • Achieved a stable duplet or octet electron arrangement, causing the atoms of noble gases to neither donate, accept nor share electrons with the atoms of other elements
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12
Q

What are the changes in physical properties of elements when going down group 18?

A
  • Melting and boiling point of elements of elements increase
  • Atomic size of elements with increase which increases the attraction force between the atoms
  • Attraction force becomes stronger and more heat energy is required to overcome this force
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13
Q

What are group 18 elements?

A

helium
neon
argon
krypton
xenon
radon

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14
Q

Uses of helium

A

Fill weather balloons
oxygen tank of divers

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15
Q

Uses of Neon

A

Used in advertising broad lights

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16
Q

Uses of argon

A

Fill electric bulbs
Provide an inert atmosphere for welding in high temperatures

17
Q

Uses of krypton

A

Flashlight of cameras
Lasers for eye retina treatment

18
Q

Uses of xenon

A

Lighthouse lamps
anesthesia

19
Q

Uses of radon

20
Q

Changes in the chemical properties of elements when going down group 1

A
  • Atomic radius of elements increase
  • Atomic size increase which will weaken the attraction force between the atoms. Thus, less heat is required to overcome the attraction force between metal atoms