Chapter 4 Periodic Table of Elements Flashcards
(20 cards)
What is the periodic table of elements?
Classifies known chemical elements in a table according to certain characteristics
What was Antoine Lavoisier’s contribution to the periodic table
- Classified elements according to certain groups such as gases, non metals, metals and metal oxide
- Less accurate because he classified light, heat and a few compounds as elements
- Several elements were classified into same group but showed different chemical properties
What was Johanna W. Dobereiner contribution to the periodic table
- Founded the triad classification, which showed the relationship between the chemical properties of elements and atomic mass
- ie: Bromine, chrorine and Iodine
What was John Newlands contribution to the periodic table
- Arranged elements according to their increasing atomic masses
- Law Of Octaves, which arranged seven elements in a row because he found that the chemical and physical properties of the first element recurred at every eighth element
What was Lother Meyer’s contirbution to the periodic table
- Plotted the graph of atomic volume against atomic mass of elements
- Found that elements at equivalent positions on the curve of the graph had similar chemical properties
- Proved the recurrence in properties of elements
What was Dmitri Mendelev contribution to the periodic table?
- Arranged elements according to their increasing atomic masses
- Only elements with similar chemical properties were arranged int he same vertical columns and left several empty spaces in his periodic table
- He was successful in predicting the properties of undiscovered elements
What was Henry Mosely’s contribution to the periodic table?
- Found a relationship between X-ray spectrum and proton numbers
- Proposed that each element ought to have its own proton number
- Arranged each element according to their increasing proton numbers and also left empty spaces in his periodic table`
How is the periodic table arranged?
Arranged in the ascending order of proton numbers, ranging from 1 to 118
Elements with the same chemical properties are placed in the same vertical columns
What are the vertical columns in the periodic table called?
Groups
What are the horizontal rows in the periodic table called? and how many are there?
Periods, 7
Why are noble gases chemically unreactive ?
- Valence shells are fully filled with electrons
- Achieved a stable duplet or octet electron arrangement, causing the atoms of noble gases to neither donate, accept nor share electrons with the atoms of other elements
What are the changes in physical properties of elements when going down group 18?
- Melting and boiling point of elements of elements increase
- Atomic size of elements with increase which increases the attraction force between the atoms
- Attraction force becomes stronger and more heat energy is required to overcome this force
What are group 18 elements?
helium
neon
argon
krypton
xenon
radon
Uses of helium
Fill weather balloons
oxygen tank of divers
Uses of Neon
Used in advertising broad lights
Uses of argon
Fill electric bulbs
Provide an inert atmosphere for welding in high temperatures
Uses of krypton
Flashlight of cameras
Lasers for eye retina treatment
Uses of xenon
Lighthouse lamps
anesthesia
Uses of radon
treat cancer
Changes in the chemical properties of elements when going down group 1
- Atomic radius of elements increase
- Atomic size increase which will weaken the attraction force between the atoms. Thus, less heat is required to overcome the attraction force between metal atoms