CHAPTER 4: PSYCHOLOGY

Question 1

comes from the Greek word “psyche” which means “___” and “logia” which means
“_____”

Answer 1

•breath, spirit, soul
•study of the mind

Question 2

Psychological science relies on empirical evidence as a way of
knowing about how we think, feel, and behave

Answer 2

Empirical Science

Question 3

is a general set of principles proposed to explain how a number of separate facts are related

Answer 3

Theory

Question 4

This usually involves conducting tests and examinations to assess the mental health of a person

Answer 4

Clinical

Question 5

This branch of psychology is similar to clinical psychology that focus on assessing the mental health of
an individual but the focus is mostly on “common problems” of people like marriage problems, work
problems, stress, etc.

Answer 5

Counseling

Question 6

This field aims to improve student’s performance in schools

Answer 6

School

Question 7

This field of psychology deals with testing related activities in education that may focus on curriculum,
scientific experiments to ensure validity and reliability of tests and other special needs of the students.

Answer 7

Educational

Question 8

This field of psychology deals aims to study the developmental changes in human behaviors and
actions from birth to death.

Answer 8

Developmental

Question 9

This field aims to examine the differences and similarities in human personalities and how these
personalities reflect on their actions

Answer 9

Personality

Question 10

This focuses in particular in the study of humans and their interaction with their environment and with
others.

Answer 10

Social

Question 11

This field focuses on improving the physical environment.

Answer 11

Experimental

Question 12

Focused on the psychology of industry including operations, processes and human involvement and it
has three subparts:

Answer 12

INDUSTRIAL

Question 13

three subparts

Answer 13

1. Organizational
2. Human Factors
3. Consumer

Question 14

It is the application of principles of psychology for the treatment and/or prevention of disease.

Answer 14

Health

Question 15

Focuses on the application of psychological principles in studying activities related to sports.

Answer 15

Sport

Question 16

Focuses on providing assistance used often in law enforcement. Psychologist may administer tests to
profile a suspect or assess the mental state of the victim.

Answer 16

Forensic

Question 17

➔ Research
➔ Practice (clinical, counseling)
➔ Focus on providing psychotherapy (talk therapy) to help patients.

Answer 17

PSYCHOLOGIST

Question 18

➔ Medical doctors
➔ Prescribe medication
➔ Diagnose illness, manage treatment and provide a range of therapies for complex and serious mental
illness.

Answer 18

PSYCHIATRIST

Question 19

THE SCHOOL OF THOUGHTS IN PSYCHOLOGY

Answer 19

● Cognitive Psychology
● Humanistic Psychology
● Psychoanalysis
● Behaviorism
● Gestalt

Question 20

➔ This school of thought emphasized the influence of the unconscious mind on behavior.

Answer 20

Psychoanalysis

Question 21

➔ id
➔ ego
➔ Superego
➔ These provinces or regions have no territorial existence, of course, but are merely hypothetical
constructs.

Answer 21

PROVINCES OF THE MIND

Question 22

➔ has no contact with reality, yet it strives constantly to reduce tension by satisfying basic desires.
➔ its sole function is to seek pleasure
➔ Pleasure principle

Answer 22

ID

Question 23

➔ The only region of the mind in contact with reality
➔ It grows out of the id during infancy and becomes a person’s sole source of communication with the
external world.

Answer 23

EGO

Question 24

➔ Represents the moral and ideal aspects of personality and is guided by the moralistic and idealistic
principles as opposed to the pleasure principle of the id and the realistic principle of the ego.

Answer 24

SUPER-EGO

Question 25

➔ repression,reaction formation, displacement, fixation, regression, projection, introjection, and sublimation.

Answer 25

DEFENSE MECHANISMS

Question 26

➔ Whenever the ego is threatened by undesirable id impulses, it protects itself by repressing those impulses; that is, it forces threatening feelings into the unconscious (Freud, 1926/1959a).

Answer 26

REPRESSION

Question 27

➔ One of the ways in which a repressed impulse may become conscious is through adopting a disguise that is directly opposite its original form

Answer 27

REACTION FORMATION

Question 28

➔ people can redirect their unacceptable urges onto a variety of people or objects so that the original impulse is disguised or concealed.

Answer 28

DISPLACEMENT

Question 29

➔ When the prospect of taking the next step becomes too anxiety provoking, the ego may resort to the strategy of remaining at the present, more comfortable psychological stage.

Answer 29

FIXATION

Question 30

➔ Once the libido has passed a developmental stage, it may, during times of stress and anxiety, revert back to that earlier stage.

Answer 30

REGRESSION

Question 31

➔ whereby people incorporate positive qualities of another person into their own ego.

Answer 31

INTROJECTION

Question 32

➔ is the repression of the genital aim of Eros by substituting a cultural or social aim. The sublimated aim is expressed most obviously in creative cultural accomplishments such as art, music, and literature, but more subtly, it is part of all human relationships and all social pursuits.

Answer 32

SUBLIMATION

Question 33

➔ suggests that all behavior can be explained by environmental causes rather than by internal forces. Behaviorism is focused on observable behavior

Answer 33

BEHAVIORISM,

Question 34

➔ born on March 20, 1904, in Susquehanna, Pennsylvania ➔ His scientific behaviorism holds that behavior can best be studied without reference to needs, instincts, or motives. Attributing motivation to human behavior would be like attributing a free will to natural phenomena.

Answer 34

Burrhus Frederic Skinner

Question 35

2 conditioning

Answer 35

Classical conditioning Operant conditioning