Chapter 4 pt.1

Question 1

consistently obseerved differences (on average) among diverse groups of students (e.g. students of different genders or ethnic backgrounds)

Answer 1

group differences

Question 2

a great deal of _______ exists between two groups

Answer 2

overlap

Question 3

Many research studies have found girls to have slightly higher ______ ______ than boys.

Answer 3

verbal ability

Question 4

We must be aware of group differences in the classroom, but the challenge is to keep differences in mind without either:
(1)
(2)

Answer 4

(1) imposing our own culturally based assumptions on what behaviors are “right” and “wrong”
(2) assuming that all members of a particular group fit typical group patterns

Question 5

Our preconceptions about how students will perform may actually ________ differences among the students

Answer 5

increase

Question 6

behaviors and belief systems of a long-standing social group

Answer 6

culture

Question 7

Our culture guides the development of our __________ and _____________ skills.

Answer 7

language

communication

Question 8

Our culture guides our expression and regulation of ________.

Answer 8

emotions

Question 9

Our culture guides our formation of a sense of _____.

Answer 9

self

Question 10

Our culture guides our _________ and _________ of emotions.

Answer 10

expression

regulation

Question 11

people who have common historical roots, values, beliefs, and behaviors and who share a sense of interdependence

Answer 11

ethnic group

Question 12

An ethnic group may be comprised of people of the same _____, ________ ______, or __________ background

Answer 12

race
national origin
religious

Question 13

True or False: Culture continually adapts and change.

Answer 13

True

Question 14

True or False: people in culture can agree and disagree with certain aspects in a culture

Answer 14

True

Question 15

gradual process of adopting the values and customs of a new culture

Answer 15

acculturation

Question 16

Some acculturation is critical for success in the new cultural environment, but what happens when you experience rapid acculturation?

Answer 16

Rapid acculturation can be detrimental to children’s social and emotional well-being

Question 17

In general, membership in a particular cultural or ethnic group is a more-or-less _____________ rather than an either-or situation.

Answer 17

phenomenon

Question 18

When school first begins, many children experience _________ _______- some confusion about the behaviors expected of them in this new setting.

Answer 18

culture shock

Question 19

situation in which a child’s home culture and the school culture hold conflicting expectations for behavior

Answer 19

cultural mismatch

Question 20

How can cultural mismatch be compounded by teachers?

Answer 20

When teachers misinterpret the behaviors of students from cultural and ethnic minority groups

Question 21

Why would students actively resist adapting to their school culture?

Answer 21

Perhaps they view it as conflicting with their own cultural background and identity

Question 22

form of English generally considered acceptable at school, as reflected in textbooks and grammar instruction

Answer 22

standard english

Question 23

form of language that has certain unique pronunciations, idioms, and grammatical structures and is characteristic of a particular region or ethic group

Answer 23

dialect

Question 24

dialect of some African-American communities that includes some pronunciations, idioms, and grammatical constructions different from those of Standard English

Answer 24

African-American English

Question 25

Children and adolescents function most effectively when they can use both their local _______ and ________ _______ in appropriate settings.

Answer 25

dialect | Standard English

Question 26

In what communities is it considered disrespectful for children to look adults directly in the eye?

Answer 26

(1) Native American (2) African American (3) Mexican American (4) Puerto Rican

Question 27

True or False: eye contact is the only true indicator if your students are paying attention

Answer 27

true

Question 28

personally or culturally preferred distance between people during social interaction

Answer 28

personal space

Question 29

adult-child interaction marked by adult initiation (usually involving a question), child response, and adult evaluation

Answer 29

IRE Cycle

Question 30

length of time a teacher pauses, either after asking a question or hearing a student's comment, before saying something

Answer 30

wait time

Question 31

What should teachers consider increasing wait time for their students?

Answer 31

(1) encourages students fro diverse backgrounds to participate in discussions (2) enhances thinking and learning

Question 32

In many cultures- Native American, Mexican American, African, Southeast Asian, and Pacific Island communities- ______ achievement is valued over individual success

Answer 32

group

Question 33

a zulu, word which reflects the belief that people become fully human largely through caring relationships with others and regular contributions to the common good

Answer 33

ubuntu