Chapter 4 Quiz part 2 Flashcards
(36 cards)
What are the 3 basic memory processes
- encoding
- storage
- retrieval
what is encoding
translating info into a neural code that the brain understands
- input process
what is storage
retaining information over some period of time
- storage process
what is retrieval
- pulling info out of storage
- output process
what is the three component model
R. Atkinson and R. Shiffrin
takes into account the 3 basic processes and the fact that we seem to have different types of memory SENSORY MEM, STM, LTM
-functionally different but do not necessarily correspond to specific areas of the brain
sensory memory
some sensation that lingers for a minute, after it has ended.
<2 sec
what was Sperlings experiment
- presented array of 12 letters
- whole report (asking to recall all)
- partial report (asking to recall certain line) and with tone associated
What are the different sensory registers (sensory memory)
- iconic store (visual picture 0.5 sec)
- echoic store (everything just heard about 2 seconds)
short-term (working) memory
- some of info from sensory memory goes into STM this is selective attention
- STM What you are currently focused/thinking on/about
- includes things we are trying to learn and things we have remembered
- about 20 seconds (without rehersal)
- George Millers magic number +/-7
The different coding for STM
- auditory (phonological) coding
- visual coding
- semantic coding (the meaning)
the different rehearsals for STM
- maintenance rehearsal (repeating info over and over)
- elaborative rehearsal (the meaning, relate to things you already know) good for long term retention
Why is STM also called working memory
because it is working with information, this can be pulled from LTM to work with it. working with it means anything to think deeply or understand
Long-term memory
- library of stored info and memories
- unlimited capacity and duration
encoding- levels of processing theory
- deeper processing, better remembering
- automatic processing
- unintentional; requires little attention
- shallow level, poor memory - effortful processing
- intentional, requires attention
- deep level, strong memory
maintenance and elaborative rehearsal & processing theory
maintenance maintains info in STM
elaborative helps transfer into LTM
what is chunking
- combining individul pieces into larger units
- chunking helps organize info so it can be unpacked (remembering sayings for first letters to remember the whole thing… betty eats candy
what is the dual coding theory
Alan Paivio
- remember things verbally and/or visually
- encoding things both ways is way better than just one
what is the method of Loci
- memory technique using visualization
- links item to well known environments/locations
Declarative memory LTM
declarative memory is something you can talk about
a) episodic memory ones that it is personally effected you, re-live it
b) semantic memory, everything else like facts or knowledge
Procedural memory LTM
memory for skills or actions, cannot really describe it (non declarative)
a) memory for skills (bike)
b) conditioning, classic and operant
- patient H.M
explicit memory LTM
conscious or intentional memory about something
a) recognition, deciding whether something looks familiar. multiple choice test
b) recall, you have to remember it all on your own. essays, short answer
Implicit memory LTM
when a memory influences behaviour without our conscious awareness. Automatic processing is an example
what is the spreading activation theory
assumes LTM is a network of associations
thinking about one thing activates related concepts
what are retrieval cues
anything that activates a concept or info sotred in LTM
assumes to work through spreading activation
