Chapter 4 review Flashcards
(18 cards)
asexual reproduction
In asexual reproduction, a new organism (sometimes more than one) is produced from one organism.
chromosome
A chromosome is a structure in the nucleus that contains hereditary material.
diploid
When cells have pairs of similar chromosomes, they are said to be diploid.
DNA
A cell also uses a code stored hereditary material. Also known as deoxyribonucleic acid or DNA
fertilization
The joining of an egg and a sperm is called ferilization.
mitosis
The process in which the nucleus divides to form two identical nuclei.
gene
A gene is a section of DNA on a chromosome.
haploid
They have only half the number of chromosomes as body cells.
meiosis
Produces haploid sex cells.
mutation
If DNA is not copied exactly, the proteins made from the instructions might be made correctly. These mistakes are also known as mutations, are any permanent change in the DNA sequence of a gene or chromosomes of a cell.
RNA
The codes for making proteins are carried from the nucleus to the ribosomes by another type of nucleic acid called ribonucleic acid, or RNA.
Parent cell
A cell that is the source of other cells, as a cell that divides to produce two or more daughter cells, or a stem cell that is a progenitor of other cells or is the first in a line of developing cells. Also called the mother cell.
Daughter cell
Daughter cells are produced after a single cell undergoes cell division. In mitosis, a single cell becomes two identical cells. … Daughter cells in this sense are actually closer to clones. In meiosis, a single cell becomes 4 cells, each with reduced DNA
Cytokinesis
the cytoplasmic division of a cell at the end of mitosis or meiosis, bringing about the separation into two daughter cells.
Apoptosis
is a form of programmed cell death that occurs in multicellular organisms.
Spindle Fibers
the cytoskeletal structure of eukaryotic cells that forms during cell division to separate sister chromatids between daughter cells.
Chromosomes
a chromosome is a long DNA molecule with part or all of the genetic material of an organism.
Centrioles
a centriole is a cylindrical organelle composed mainly of a protein called tubulin. Centrioles are found in most eukaryotic cells.
