Chapter 4 Skin and Body Membranes

Question 1

What are three functions of the body membranes?

Answer 1

Line or cover body surfaces, protects body surfaces, and lubricates body surfaces.

Question 2

What are the three types of epithelial membranes?

Answer 2

Cutaneous, mucous, and serous

Question 3

What is a type of connective tissue membrane?

Answer 3

synovial membrane

Question 4

where are synovial membranes found?

Answer 4

joints

Question 5

what is the medical definition of skin?

Answer 5

cutaneous membrane

Question 6

what is a cutaneous membrane?

Answer 6

a dry membrane that is the outermost protective boundary

Question 7

what is the cutaneous membrane made of?

Answer 7

keratinized stratified squamous epithelium

Question 8

what is the underlying dermis?

Answer 8

it is a mostly dense and fibrous connective tissue

Question 9

what is a mucous membrane?

Answer 9

an underlying loose connective tissue (called the lamina propira) that lines all body cavities that open to the exterior body surface

Question 10

Which membrane is a wet membrane that is bathed in secretions?

Answer 10

mucous membrane

Question 11

what kind of cells line the mouth and esophagus?

Answer 11

surface epithelium

Question 12

what kind of cells line the digestive tract?

Answer 12

surface simple squamous epithelium

Question 13

what is a serous membrane?

Answer 13

an underlying areolar connective tissue that lines open body cavities that are closed to the exterior of the body

Question 14

Which membrane often occurs in pairs? (parietal and visceral)

Answer 14

serous membrane

Question 15

where is the peritoneum found?

Answer 15

in the abdominal cavity

Question 16

where is the pleura found?

Answer 16

around the lungs

Question 17

where is the pericardium found?

Answer 17

around the heart

Question 18

what type of membrane is the synovial membrane?

Answer 18

connective tissue membrane

Question 19

what is the synovial membrane?

Answer 19

an areolar connective tissue ONLY that lines fibrous capsules surrounding joints

Question 20

what are the four skin derivatives

Answer 20

sweat glands, oil glands, hairs, and nails

Question 21

what things does the skin protect deeper tissues from?

Answer 21

chemical damage, mechanical damage, bacterial damage, thermal damage, ultraviolet radiation, and desiccation

Question 22

what is desiccation?

Answer 22

drying out

Question 23

what is one of the other functions of the skin?

Answer 23

(could be any of these)
protective, cushioning, waterproof, aids in heat regulation, aids in excretion of salts, urea, and uric acid, synthesizes vitamin D, and contains sensory receptors

Question 24

what is the epidermis?

Answer 24

the outer layer of the skin

Question 25

what type of cell is the epidermis?

Answer 25

stratified squamous epithelium that is often keratinized

Question 26

what is the dermis?

Answer 26

the dermis is a dense connective tissue

Question 27

what is the hypodermis?

Answer 27

below the dermis that anchors skin to the underlying organs

Question 28

is the hypodermis a part of the skin?

Answer 28

no

Question 29

what is the purpose of the hypodermis?

Answer 29

works as a shock absorber and insulation for deeper tissues

Question 30

what is melanin?

Answer 30

a yellowish pigment produced by melanocytes

Question 31

where are melanocytes located?

Answer 31

mostly in the stratum basale

Question 32

what can influence the amount of melanin produced?

Answer 32

genetics and sunlight exposure

Question 33

what is the stratum basale?

Answer 33

the living layer of the skin that is the deepest.

Question 34

which layer do cells undergo mitosis at?

Answer 34

stratum basale

Question 35

where is the stratum basale located?

Answer 35

next to the dermis (recieves nutrition from the dermis)

Question 36

what is the stratum spinosum?

Answer 36

the second layer of the skin

Question 37

what is the stratum spinosum made of?

Answer 37

old stratum basale cells

Question 38

what is the stratum granulosum?

Answer 38

the third layer of the skin

Question 39

what is the stratum granulosum made of?

Answer 39

old stratum spinosum sells

Question 40

what is the stratum lucidum?

Answer 40

the fourth layer of the skin

Question 41

where does the stratum lucidum occur?

Answer 41

only in thick, hairless skin

Question 42

what is the stratum corneum?

Answer 42

shingle-like dead cells that are 3/4 of the epidermal thickness

Question 43

what is another name for the stratum corneum?

Answer 43

cornified or horny cells (means they are completely filled with keratin)

Question 44

what is melanin?

Answer 44

a yellow/brown/black pigment created by melanocytes

Question 45

where are melanocytes located?

Answer 45

stratum basale

Question 46

what can affect the amount of melanin produced?

Answer 46

genetics and exposure to sunlight

Question 47

what are the two layers of the dermis?

Answer 47

papillary layer and reticular layer

Question 48

what is within the papillary layer?

Answer 48

pain receptors and touch receptors

Question 49

what is the function of the dermal papillae?

Answer 49

increasing surface area

Question 50

what is within the reticular layer?

Answer 50

blood vessels, sweat/oil glands, nerve receptors

Question 51

what types of fibers are found in the dermis?

Answer 51

collagen and elastic fibers

Question 52

what is collagen?

Answer 52

responsible for the toughness of the dermis and for binding water to keep it hydrated

Question 53

what are elastic fibers?

Answer 53

give skin elasticity when we are young but lessens as we age along with collagen

Question 54

what plays a role in maintaining body temperature?

Answer 54

blood vessels (lots of em)

Question 55

what is carotene?

Answer 55

orange-yellow pigment from some vegetables

Question 56

what is hemoglobin?

Answer 56

red coloring from blood cells in dermis capillaries

Question 57

what affects the extent of the red coloring in hemoglobin?

Answer 57

oxygen content

Question 58

what is redness or erythema?

Answer 58

associated with blushing

Question 59

what is pallor?

Answer 59

paleness from fear or anemia, low blood pressure, or impaired blood flow

Question 60

what is jaundice?

Answer 60

liver disorder where excess bile pigments are absorbed in the blood

Question 61

what are hematomas?

Answer 61

places where blood has escaped from vessels and clotted in the tissue spaces (bruises)