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Anatomy and Physiology > Chapter 4 Skin and Body Membranes > Flashcards

Chapter 4 Skin and Body Membranes Flashcards

1
Q

What are three functions of the body membranes?

A

Line or cover body surfaces, protects body surfaces, and lubricates body surfaces.

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2
Q

What are the three types of epithelial membranes?

A

Cutaneous, mucous, and serous

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3
Q

What is a type of connective tissue membrane?

A

synovial membrane

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4
Q

where are synovial membranes found?

A

joints

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5
Q

what is the medical definition of skin?

A

cutaneous membrane

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6
Q

what is a cutaneous membrane?

A

a dry membrane that is the outermost protective boundary

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7
Q

what is the cutaneous membrane made of?

A

keratinized stratified squamous epithelium

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8
Q

what is the underlying dermis?

A

it is a mostly dense and fibrous connective tissue

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9
Q

what is a mucous membrane?

A

an underlying loose connective tissue (called the lamina propira) that lines all body cavities that open to the exterior body surface

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10
Q

Which membrane is a wet membrane that is bathed in secretions?

A

mucous membrane

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11
Q

what kind of cells line the mouth and esophagus?

A

surface epithelium

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12
Q

what kind of cells line the digestive tract?

A

surface simple squamous epithelium

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13
Q

what is a serous membrane?

A

an underlying areolar connective tissue that lines open body cavities that are closed to the exterior of the body

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14
Q

Which membrane often occurs in pairs? (parietal and visceral)

A

serous membrane

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15
Q

where is the peritoneum found?

A

in the abdominal cavity

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16
Q

where is the pleura found?

A

around the lungs

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17
Q

where is the pericardium found?

A

around the heart

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18
Q

what type of membrane is the synovial membrane?

A

connective tissue membrane

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19
Q

what is the synovial membrane?

A

an areolar connective tissue ONLY that lines fibrous capsules surrounding joints

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20
Q

what are the four skin derivatives

A

sweat glands, oil glands, hairs, and nails

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21
Q

what things does the skin protect deeper tissues from?

A

chemical damage, mechanical damage, bacterial damage, thermal damage, ultraviolet radiation, and desiccation

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22
Q

what is desiccation?

A

drying out

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23
Q

what is one of the other functions of the skin?

A

(could be any of these)
protective, cushioning, waterproof, aids in heat regulation, aids in excretion of salts, urea, and uric acid, synthesizes vitamin D, and contains sensory receptors

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24
Q

what is the epidermis?

A

the outer layer of the skin

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25
Q

what type of cell is the epidermis?

A

stratified squamous epithelium that is often keratinized

26
Q

what is the dermis?

A

the dermis is a dense connective tissue

27
Q

what is the hypodermis?

A

below the dermis that anchors skin to the underlying organs

28
Q

is the hypodermis a part of the skin?

A

no

29
Q

what is the purpose of the hypodermis?

A

works as a shock absorber and insulation for deeper tissues

30
Q

what is melanin?

A

a yellowish pigment produced by melanocytes

31
Q

where are melanocytes located?

A

mostly in the stratum basale

32
Q

what can influence the amount of melanin produced?

A

genetics and sunlight exposure

33
Q

what is the stratum basale?

A

the living layer of the skin that is the deepest.

34
Q

which layer do cells undergo mitosis at?

A

stratum basale

35
Q

where is the stratum basale located?

A

next to the dermis (recieves nutrition from the dermis)

36
Q

what is the stratum spinosum?

A

the second layer of the skin

37
Q

what is the stratum spinosum made of?

A

old stratum basale cells

38
Q

what is the stratum granulosum?

A

the third layer of the skin

39
Q

what is the stratum granulosum made of?

A

old stratum spinosum sells

40
Q

what is the stratum lucidum?

A

the fourth layer of the skin

41
Q

where does the stratum lucidum occur?

A

only in thick, hairless skin

42
Q

what is the stratum corneum?

A

shingle-like dead cells that are 3/4 of the epidermal thickness

43
Q

what is another name for the stratum corneum?

A

cornified or horny cells (means they are completely filled with keratin)

44
Q

what is melanin?

A

a yellow/brown/black pigment created by melanocytes

45
Q

where are melanocytes located?

A

stratum basale

46
Q

what can affect the amount of melanin produced?

A

genetics and exposure to sunlight

47
Q

what are the two layers of the dermis?

A

papillary layer and reticular layer

48
Q

what is within the papillary layer?

A

pain receptors and touch receptors

49
Q

what is the function of the dermal papillae?

A

increasing surface area

50
Q

what is within the reticular layer?

A

blood vessels, sweat/oil glands, nerve receptors

51
Q

what types of fibers are found in the dermis?

A

collagen and elastic fibers

52
Q

what is collagen?

A

responsible for the toughness of the dermis and for binding water to keep it hydrated

53
Q

what are elastic fibers?

A

give skin elasticity when we are young but lessens as we age along with collagen

54
Q

what plays a role in maintaining body temperature?

A

blood vessels (lots of em)

55
Q

what is carotene?

A

orange-yellow pigment from some vegetables

56
Q

what is hemoglobin?

A

red coloring from blood cells in dermis capillaries

57
Q

what affects the extent of the red coloring in hemoglobin?

A

oxygen content

58
Q

what is redness or erythema?

A

associated with blushing

59
Q

what is pallor?

A

paleness from fear or anemia, low blood pressure, or impaired blood flow

60
Q

what is jaundice?

A

liver disorder where excess bile pigments are absorbed in the blood

61
Q

what are hematomas?

A

places where blood has escaped from vessels and clotted in the tissue spaces (bruises)

Anatomy and Physiology (4 decks)

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