Chapter 4: Socialization

Question 1

Socialization

Answer 1

A learning process that involves development or changes in individual’s sense of self.

Question 2

Primary socialization

Answer 2

The socialization that occurs during your childhood.

Question 3

Secondary Socialization

Answer 3

The socialization that occurs later in life.

Question 4

Who created the term Habitus

Answer 4

Pierre Bourdieu

Question 5

What is habitus?

Answer 5

Our often unconscious bodily knowledge and dispositions/habits.

Question 6

He viewed socialization as an end result of internalization of norms and values in society.

Answer 6

Talcott Parsons

Question 7

Internalization

Answer 7

Taking social norms, roles, and values into one’s own mind.

Question 8

Who is Genie Wiley?

Answer 8

A young girl who did not have social experiences. Her father locked her in a shed for majority of her life, causing her to miss ‘critical periods’ in social and language development.

Question 9

He argued the importance of Agency

Answer 9

Dennis Wrong

Question 10

Dennis Wrong argued that ______ is actually an “over-socialized” conception of human beings.

Answer 10

Internalization

Question 11

He believed that via internalization, society is thus a primary factor responsible for how individuals learned to think and behave.

Answer 11

Talcott Parsons

Question 12

Biological Determinism

Answer 12

The greater part of who we are is determined by our genes.

Question 13

Who was behind the idea of Negative Eugenics and what is it?

Answer 13

Hubert Spencer, Negative Eugenics is the idea of reducing the reproduction of people with less-desired and undesired traits.

Question 14

Behaviourism

Answer 14

Strong cultural determinist position. Any behaviour can be learned or taught (and modified)

Question 15

Law of Effect what made by ____ ____

Answer 15

Edward Thorndike

Question 16

What is the Law of Effect?

Answer 16

Much of who we are is a consequence of how previous behaviour was reinforced.

Question 17

Behaviour Modification

Answer 17

Attempting to change someone’s behaviour using the Law of Effect approach

Question 18

Who was behind the Theory of Personality?

Answer 18

Sigmund Freud

Question 19

Theory of Personality

Answer 19

Freud believed that socialization is a balance of biological and socio-cultural

Question 20

How many parts did Sigmund Freud believe the mind had?

Answer 20

3

Question 21

What were the three parts of the mind?

Answer 21

1. Id: unconscious instinctive drives (Life and Death)
2. Superego: Our conscience/morality (Internalization of socializing agents)
3. Ego: Mediate between conscious and unconscious

Question 22

Who is the father of Psychoanalysis?

Answer 22

Sigmund Freud

Question 23

Psychoanalysis

Answer 23

Freud’s belief that the mind has 3 parts: Id, Superego, and Ego.

Question 24

Agents of Socialization

Answer 24

Groups that have a significant impact on an individual’s socialization.

Question 25

He developed a 2 fold categorization for agents of socialization

Answer 25

George H. Mead

Question 26

What were the 2 categories for agents of socialization?

Answer 26

1. Significant Others | 2. Generalized Others

Question 27

Significant others

Answer 27

Individuals, primary family and friends, Intimate model.

Question 28

Generalized Others

Answer 28

The attitudes, viewpoints, and general expectations of that society.

Question 29

Mead's Development of Self (3 stages)

Answer 29

1. Preparatory Stage 2. Play Stage 3. Game stage

Question 30

Mead's Development of Self: Preparatory Stage

Answer 30

Pure imitation of significant others

Question 31

Mead's Development of Self: Play Stage

Answer 31

Pretend play, engages in role taking of significant others

Question 32

Mead's Development of Self: Game Stage

Answer 32

Able to perceive and interpret several roles of others

Question 33

This man's development of self is called the Looking Glass Self

Answer 33

Charles Cooley

Question 34

What was the The development of self: The Looking Glass Self

Answer 34

Our Concept of ourselves is influenced by our perception of how others respond to us. (Explains how the self develops, how we act and react to others)

Question 35

3 Components of Looking Glass self

Answer 35

1. How you imagine you appear to others 2. How you imagine those others judge you appearance 3. How you feel as a result.

Question 36

Family

Answer 36

First agent of socialization and the most powerful

Question 37

Peer Groups

Answer 37

Share key social characteristics like age, social positions and common interests.

Question 38

Peer pressure

Answer 38

Social force exerted by and individual by their peers to conform to a certain behaviour.

Question 39

What is a Community and Neighbourhood

Answer 39

Can be an important agent of socialization on a child.

Question 40

Broad Socialization

Answer 40

Individualism and independence is promoted, and there is relatively less restrictiveness on the various dimensions of socialization. Contributes to risk behaviour

Question 41

Narrow Socialization

Answer 41

Consider, obedience and conformity to the standards of expectations of the community. Punish any deviation from the norm

Question 42

Longitudinal Studies

Answer 42

Examines data gathered on research over an extended period of time.

Question 43

Mass Media: He conducted a longitudinal study on the effects of t.v violence on children

Answer 43

Rowell Huesmann

Question 44

Mass Media: Huesmann proposed 2 theories to explain the data, what were they?

Answer 44

1. Observational learning theory- children acquire aggressive scripts for solving problems 2. Desensitization Theory- Increased exposure to T.V violence numbs/ desensitizes the natural negative reaction to violence.

Question 45

Popular Media: He believed that T.V violence has been misinterpreted and has no effect

Answer 45

Jib Fowles

Question 46

____ are often a first source of information that children receive about groups other than their own.

Answer 46

Schools

Question 47

Klopfenstein’s research

Answer 47

Believed that the social location of teachers impact the quality of students work.

Question 48

Who created the Hurried Child Syndrome and what is it.?

Answer 48

David Elkind and it is when kids with adult levels of stress and guilt.

Question 49

Resocialization

Answer 49

The process of unlearning old ways and learning new ways.

Question 50

Voluntary Resocialization

Answer 50

When someone starts school, changes schools a new job, retires and religious conversion.

Question 51

Involuntary Resocialization

Answer 51

When someone is forced to change (Total Institution)

Question 52

Degradation Ceremony

Answer 52

A kind of rite of passage when a person is stripped of their individuality.

Question 53

Rite of Passage

Answer 53

A ritual or ceremony signalling a change of status.