Chapter 4: States of Consciousness Flashcards
(58 cards)
1
Q
Alpha wave
A
- Resemble that of someone relaxed, but awake
- Stage 1 of NREM
- Synchronized
- Low frequency, high amplitude
2
Q
Beta wave
A
- Brain waves characteristic during wakefulness
- Low frequency, low amplitude
3
Q
Biological rhythm
A
Internal cycle of biological activity
4
Q
Cataplexy
A
- Lack of muscle tone/muscle weakness,
- Sometimes presents as paralysis
5
Q
Central sleep apnea
A
Disruption in signals sent from the brain that regulate breathing cause periods of interrupted breathing
6
Q
Circadian rhythm
A
Biological rhythm that occurs approx. 24 hours
7
Q
Codeine
A
- Opiate
- Low potency
- Often prescribed for minor pain
8
Q
Cognitive-behavioral therapy
A
- Focuses on cognitive processes/problem behaviors
- Used to treat sleep disorders
9
Q
Collective unconscious
A
- Theory developed by Carl Jung
- Repository of info believed to be shared by everyone
10
Q
Consciousness
A
Awareness of internal & external stimuli
11
Q
Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP)
A
- Device used to treat sleep apnea
- Pumps air into the person’s airways,
forcing it to remain open
12
Q
Delta wave
A
- Stage 3 of NREM
- Lowest frequency, highest amplitude
13
Q
Depressant
A
- Drug that suppresses the CNS
14
Q
Euphoric high
A
Feelings of elation and pleasure from drug use
15
Q
Evolutionary psychology
A
Study of how patterns of behavior & cognitive processes evolved over time (due to natural selection)
16
Q
Hallucinogen
A
- Results in alterations in sensory and perceptual experiences
- Characterized by hallucinations
17
Q
Hypnosis
A
- State of extreme self-focus and attention
- No attention is given to external environment
- Often led by a therapist
18
Q
Insomnia
A
- Consistent difficulty in falling/staying asleep
- Must occur 3 nights a week for at least a month
19
Q
Jet lag
A
Symptoms resulting from mismatch between internal circadian rhythms and environment
20
Q
K-complex
A
- High amplitude pattern of brain activity occurring due to environmental stimuli
- Stage 2 of NREM
21
Q
Latent content
A
- Hidden meaning of a dream
- Sigmund Freud
22
Q
Lucid dream
A
When people are aware that they’re dreaming and can control the dream’s content
23
Q
Manifest content
A
- Storyline of events that occur during a dream
- Sigmund Freud
24
Q
Meditation
A
Clearing of the mind to achieve state of relaxed awareness & focus
25
Melatonin
- Hormone secreted by the endocrine gland
- Serves as regulator of sleep-wake cycle
26
Meta-analysis
Study that combines results of many related studies
27
Methadone
- Synthetic opioid
- Used to manage withdrawal symptoms in opiate users
28
Methamphetamine
- Amphetamine made from pseudoephedrine (OTC drug)
- Widely manufactured and abused
29
Narcolepsy
Sleeper cannot resist falling to sleep at bad times
30
Night terrors
Sleeper experiences panic and may scream/try escaping from their environment
31
Non-REM (NREM)
Period of sleep outside periods of REM sleep
32
Obstructive sleep apnea
Occurs when an individual's airway becomes blocked during sleep
33
Opiate/opioid
- Has strong analgesic properties
- Opiates = natural opium
- Heroin, morphine, methadone, codeine, etc
34
Parasomnia
- Group of sleep disorders
- Characteristic of disruptive motor activity and experiences during sleep
35
Physical dependence
- Changes in normal bodily functions
- Drug user experiences withdrawal
symptoms
36
Pineal gland
- Endocrine structure located in brain
- Releases melatonin
37
Psychological dependence
- Emotional need for a drug
- Often used to relieve distress
38
REM sleep
- Rapid Eye Movement
- Characterized by brain waves similar to
that of wakefulness
- Also by darting movements of eyes under eyelids
39
REM Sleep Behavior Disorders (RBD)
- Muscle paralysis does NOT occur
- Sleepers have high levels of physical activity (especially during bad dreams)
40
Restless leg syndrome
- Sleeper has uncomfy sensations in the legs when trying to fall asleep
- Only relieved by moving legs
41
Rotating shift work
Work schedule that changes from early to late on a daily/weekly basis
42
Sleep
State marked by low levels of physical activity and sensory awareness
43
Sleep apnea
Episodes during which breathing stops during sleep
44
Sleep debt
Result of not enough sleep on a chronic basis
45
Sleep rebound
Sleep-deprived individuals sleep for short periods of time whenever they can
46
Sleep regulation
- Brain’s control of switching between sleep and wakefulness
- Coordinates cycle with outside world
47
Sleep spindle
- Rapid burst of high frequency brain waves
- Stage 2 during
- Important in learning and memory
48
Sleepwalking
- Somnambulism
- Sleeper engages in complex behaviors
49
Stage 1 sleep
- Transitional phase occurring between wakefulness and sleep
- Period in which a person drifts off to sleep
50
Stage 2 sleep
- Body goes into deep relaxation
- Characterized by appearance of
sleep spindles
51
Stage 3 sleep
- Deep sleep
- Low frequency, high amplitude delta waves
52
Stimulants
- Increase overall levels of neural activity
- Caffeine, nicotine, amphetamines, cocaine, et
53
Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS)
- An infant with no medical conditions suddenly dies during sleep
- Occurs in infants less than a y/o
54
Suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN)
Area of hypothalamus in which body’s biological clock is located
55
Theta waves
- End of stage 1 NREM sleep
- Low amplitude, low frequency
56
Tolerance
Requiring higher quantities of drug to gain desired effect
57
Wakefulness
High levels of sensory awareness, thought, behavior
58
Withdrawl
Variety of symptoms experienced when drug use is discontinued
