Chapter 4 Study Review

Question 1

Describe Flagella?

Answer 1

Flagella- A structure that is used to propel the organism through a fluid environment.

Question 2

Describe Pili?

Answer 2

Pili- small stiff filament appendages in gram - bacteria involved in conjugation which is the physical transfer of DNA from one cell to another cell.

Question 3

Fimbriae?

Answer 3

Attachment to substrate, involved in biofilm and infection formation

Question 4

Glycocalyx ( Capsule)

Answer 4

Protection from desiccation, bacteriophages, attachment and biofilm formation.

Question 5

Cell Wall

Answer 5

Gives shape; protects from osmotic lysis

Question 6

Cell Membrane

Answer 6

Allows things to come in and out of the cell.

Question 7

Ribosomes

Answer 7

Perform protein synthesis found in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.

Question 8

Inclusive bodies

Answer 8

Stuff built up in the cell

Question 9

Nucleoid region

Answer 9

Where DNA is found with a chromosome in the bacteria cell.

Question 10

Cytoskeleton

Answer 10

Help to contribute to cell shape and division

Question 11

Endospores

Answer 11

Formed by bacteria when times get tough, resist to harsh conditions

Question 12

Plasmids

Answer 12

A small, circular piece of DNA outside the bacterial chromosomes; cam carry antibiotics resistance genes.

Question 13

Which structures are universal, and found in All Bacteria?

Answer 13

All the ones list

Question 14

Which structures are only found in some bacteria?

Answer 14

Nucleus

Question 15

One prokaryotic species that goes against the rule that cells tend to be small?

Answer 15

Thiomargarita Namibiensis

Question 16

What shapes are Coccus?

Answer 16

Circle shaped

Question 17

What shapes are Bacillus?

Answer 17

Rod Shaped

Question 18

What shapes are Vibrio?

Answer 18

Comma shaped

Question 19

What shape are Spirillum?

Answer 19

More straight but curly

Question 20

What shape are Spirochete?

Answer 20

More bent

Question 21

Branching filaments

Answer 21

Segments that branch off from one another

Question 22

Pleomorphic

Answer 22

have a lot of different shapes.

Question 23

What type of an arrangement is strepto

Answer 23

Variable # of cocci in chains

Question 24

What type of an arrangement is staphylo

Answer 24

Division into several planes

Question 25

What type of an arrangement is tetrad

Answer 25

cocci in packets of four

Question 26

What type of an arrangement is palisades

Answer 26

ask

Question 27

What type of an arrangement is diplo

Answer 27

two cells

Question 28

Be familiar with monotrichous, lophotrichous, amphitrichous and peritrichous arrangements of flagella.

Answer 28

1. Monotrichous- Has 1 flagellum 2. Lophotrichous- Multiple flagellum coming some one location. 3. Amphitrichous- Flagellum form two different ends. 4. Peritrichous- Random flagella all over

Question 29

What does the term “bacterial mating” mean, if bacteria do not have sexual reproductive capabilities?

Answer 29

Bacteria mating means conjugation- physical transfer of DNA from one cell to another cell.

Question 30

Be familiar with the basic structure of a flagellum, and how it enables a cell to perform chemotaxis

Answer 30

Flagellum enable the cell to perform chemotaxis, because flagellum gives it the ability to (motility). Clockwise=tumble, Counterclockwise=run