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Kinesiology > Chapter 4 Terms > Flashcards

Chapter 4 Terms Flashcards

(61 cards)

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1
Q

Articulation

A

another term for joint, where two or more bones meet in the body

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2
Q

Arthrokinematics

A

the study of the movement of joint surfaces

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3
Q

Osteokinematics

A

deals with the angular/rotary movement occurring between two bones at synovial joints

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4
Q

Synarthroses Joint

A

a type of joint that is immovable or nearly immovable, and is characterized by a strong union between the bones that make up the joint

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5
Q

Diarthrosis Joint

A

a freely movable joint, also known as a synovial joint, that allows for a wide range of movement in the body

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6
Q

Fibrous Joint

A

a joint that connects bones with collagen-rich fibrous tissue

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7
Q

Cartilaginous Joint

A

a joint where bones are connected by cartilage, a tough but flexible connective tissue

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8
Q

Gomphosis

A

a type of joint that attaches the roots of teeth to their sockets in the upper and lower jaw bones

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9
Q

Non-axial Joint Movement

A

a type of joint movement that does not involve bending along an axis of movement

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10
Q

Uniaxial Joint Movement

A

allow for movement in a single plane or axis (flexion and extension)

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11
Q

Biaxial Joint Movement

A

allow for movement in two planes, or axes, and four types of movement: flexion, extension, abduction, and adduction

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12
Q

Plane (Irregular) Joint Shape

A

shape of a plane joint is flat or slightly curved

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13
Q

Hinge Joint Shape

A

shape of a hinge joint is convex on one end and concave on the other

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14
Q

Pivot Joint Shape

A

a cylinder-shaped bone that fits into a ring-shaped bone

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15
Q

Condyloid (Ellipsoidal) Joint Shape

A

oval-shaped joints that allow for movement in two planes.

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16
Q

Sellar (Saddle) Joint Shape

A

shaped like a saddle

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17
Q

Ball and Socket Joint Shape

A

shaped like a rounded “ball” fitting into a cup-like “socket,”

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18
Q

Ligaments

A

tough fibrous band of tissue connecting the articular extremities of bones or supporting an organ in place

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19
Q

Capsule (Capsular Ligament)

A

a thickened area of a joint capsule that surrounds synovial joints

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20
Q

Synovial Membrane

A

a thin layer of connective tissue that lines the inside of joints, tendon sheaths, and bursae

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21
Q

Synovial Fluid

A

a thick, viscous liquid that lubricates and protects your joints

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22
Q

Cartilage

A

A tough, flexible tissue that lines joints and gives structure to the nose, ears, larynx, and other parts of the body

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23
Q

Hyaline Cartilage (Articular)

A

a type of hyaline cartilage that covers the ends of bones in joints

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24
Q

Fibrocartilage

A

a type of connective tissue that is tough, strong, and inflexible, and is made up of a combination of cartilage and fibrous tissue

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25
Labrum
a ring of cartilage or soft tissue that surrounds the socket of a ball and socket joint, like the shoulder or hip, to provide stability and cushioning
26
Intervertebral discs
a complex of three joints that connects adjacent vertebrae in the vertebral column
27
Elastic Cartilage
a type of cartilage that is flexible and resilient to pressure
28
Tendons
a fibrous connective tissue that attaches muscle to bone
29
Tendon Sheath
a layer of connective tissue that protects tendons and allows them to move smoothly
30
Aponeurosis
a thin sheath of connective tissue that helps connect your muscles to your bones
31
Thoracolumbar Fascia
complex, diamond-shaped layer of connective tissue that extends from the neck to the sacrum, surrounding the deep muscles of the back and trunk
32
Linea Alba
a band of white fibrous tissue running down the middle of the abdominal wall from the base of the sternum to the top of the pelvis
33
Bursae
an important lubricated fluid-filled thin sac located between bone and surrounding soft tissue, bones and tendons, and/or muscles around joints
34
End Feel
a type of sensation or feeling that the examiner experienced when the joint is at the end of its available passive range of motion in assessment.
35
Firm End Feel
a sensation of a firm, elastic response with a slight give
36
Hard End Feel
a hard (abrupt) sensation that is blocked by bone, and is painless in the normal patient
37
Boggy End Feel
a soft, mushy feeling that can occur in a joint when there is edema or joint effusion
38
Muscle Spasm
an involuntary and forceful contraction of a muscle that can't relax
39
Empty End Feel
a type of abnormal end feel that occurs when a patient experiences significant pain during joint movement, even though there is no physical restriction to the movement
40
Springy Block
there is a piece of torn cartilage in the joint space generally in the knee
41
Ovoid Joints
a type of synovial joint that allows for movement in two planes
42
Joint Congruency
a medical term that describes how the articular surfaces of a joint fit together
43
Close-Packed Position
a joint position where the articulating bones have the most contact with each other, which results in maximum joint stability
44
Open-Packed Position
the position with the least amount of congruency where the capsule and ligaments are lax and joint play (accessory movement) is optimised
45
Joint Play
a passive movement between joint surfaces that is a key part of physical therapy
46
Joint Mobilization
a manual therapy technique that involves applying passive movements to a joint to improve its mobility and reduce pain
47
Dislocation
disturbance from a proper, original, or usual place or state
48
Subluxation
the medical term for a partial dislocation
49
Osteoarthritis
a chronic joint disease that occurs when cartilage breaks down in the joints, causing pain and stiffness
50
Sprains
an injury to the ligaments around a joint
51
3 Degrees of Sprains
Grade 1 (mild), Grade 2 (moderate), and Grade 3 (severe)
52
Degrees of Strains
Grade I (Mild): Tissue is stretched. Grade II (Moderate): Involves stretching and some tearing of tissue. Grade III (Severe): Complete tearing of tissue
53
Strains
occurs when muscle fibers cannot cope with the demands placed on them by exercise overload and leads to tearing of the fibers
54
Tendonitis
inflammation of the thick fibrous cords that attach muscle to bone
55
Synovitis
swelling (inflammation) in the synovial membrane that lines some of your joints
56
Tenosynovitis
inflammation of the fluid-filled synovium within the tendon sheath
57
Bursitis
a painful condition that occurs when a bursa, a fluid-filled sac that cushions bones and joints, becomes inflamed
58
Capsular Pattern
a specific pattern of restricted movement in a joint that's caused by a tight joint capsule
59
Symphysis
a joint in which the body (physis) of one bone meets the body of another
60
Syndesmosis
an immovable joint in which bones are joined by connective tissue
61
Synarthroses
an immovably fixed joint between bones connected by fibrous tissue

Kinesiology (4 decks)

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