Chapter 4 Test!

Question 0

Formation from Magma

Answer 0

Minerals form from the cooling of magma and/or lava.

Question 1

Minerals

Answer 1

• Solid
• natural
• inorganic
• Definite chemical composition
• crystal structure due to internal arrangement of atoms.

Question 2

Formation from solutions

Answer 2

As water evaporates from solutions, it leaves behind mineral particles. Mineral deposits that form between cracks of rocks are called veins.

Question 3

Formation from pressure

Answer 3

Minerals can change form or change completely because of the temperature and pressure.

Question 4

Common minerals found in rocks

Answer 4

• quarts
• olivine
• feldspar
• Amphibole
• Muscovite
• magnetite
• biotite
• pyrite
• calcite

Question 5

Identification properties

Answer 5

• hardness
• luster
• crystal shape(form)
• color
• streak
• cleavage/fracture
• density

Question 6

Hardness

Answer 6

• ability to scratch another mineral.

- MOHs scale from 1(talc) to 10(diamond).

Question 7

Crystal shape

Answer 7

• external structure due to internal arrangement of atoms.

- six basic groups of shapes with about three dozen variations.

Question 8

Luster

Answer 8

• describes how light reflects off the surface.

- main actor forties are metallic and non metallic.

Question 9

Color

Answer 9

-results from ability to absorb some wavelengths and reflect others.

Question 10

Streak

Answer 10

Color of the powder when rubbed on a streak plate.

Question 11

Cleavage/fracture

Answer 11

• some minerals split along flat surfaces when struck hard —-this is called cleavage.
• other minerals break unevenly along rough or curved surfaces—this is called fracture.

Question 12

Density

Answer 12

• All minerals have density(mass/volume)

- specific gravity is the density of the material compared with the density of water.

Question 13

Special characteristics

Answer 13

Some minerals will glow when placed under short wave or long wave ultraviolet rays.

Question 14

Special characteristics

Answer 14

Salty taste— DO NOT TASTE.

Halite is the exception, it will taste salty.

Question 15

Silicates

Answer 15

The largest group. Composed of silicon bonded with
oxygen atoms. Different forms of silicates are created by having a
different number of oxygen atoms.

Question 16

Native elements

Answer 16

Contain only one element. (Gold, Copper, Silver,

Sulfur, Diamond, Antimony, Lead, etc.)

Question 17

Carbonates

Answer 17

Minerals formed when one carbon atom is bonded to

three oxygen atoms.

Question 18

Halides

Answer 18

form when salt water evaporates and leaves the solid precipitate behind. Examples: Halite, Fluorite.

Question 19

Oxides

Answer 19

Contain one or two metal elements combined with oxygen.

Examples: Magnetite and Hematite.

Question 20

Phosphate

Answer 20

Composed of phosphorus bonded with oxygen atoms.

Example: Apatite.

Question 21

Sulfate

Answer 21

Contain sulfur atoms bonded to four oxygen atoms. The

also form when salt water evaporates. Examples: Gypsum, Barite.

Question 22

Sulfides

Answer 22

Form when metallic elements combine with sulfur atoms
in the absence of oxygen atoms. Examples: Pyrite, Galena, Stibnite,
Chalopyrite.