Chapter 4- The Energy Of Life Flashcards
(25 cards)
What molecules store energy in their bonds?
Glucose and triglycerides store energy in their bonds.
Why would a cell break its chemical bond?
To release energy.
What happens if a cell cannot capture the energy being released?
The energy becomes lost as heat.
Energy is never what?
Created or destroyed, according to the first law of thermodynamics.
Cells use what kind of energy?
Cells use chemical energy.
What happens when heat energy is disordered after an inefficient energy transformation?
It becomes unusable, keeping it from being converted back into a useful energy.
Cells constantly use energy to build what?
They use energy to build their molecules and structures, preform chemical reactions, and carry out life’s processes.
What is Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)?
A nucleotide that temporarily stores energy.
When is ATP formed?
During cellular respiration.
What is energy?
The ability to do work.
What is metabolism?
Includes all chemical reactions in cells.
What is endergonic?
Reactions that form bonds to build molecules require energy input.
What is exergonic?
Reactions that break bonds to release energy stored in the bond.
What is a substrate?
What the enzyme acts on during chemical reactions.
What are products?
What the reaction produces.
What is activation energy?
The energy required to start a reaction.
What is an inhibitor?
The product of the reaction that the enzyme catalyzes.
What is negative feedback?
The product of a reaction slows the production of more product.
What is positive feedback?
The product of a reaction stimulates its own production.
What is simple diffusion?
Occurs when concentration gradients dissipate across a biological membrane.
What is Osmosis?
A simple diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane.
What is turgor pressure?
If plant cells lose this, it causes the plant to wilt.
What is active transport?
When membrane proteins use cellular energy to transport substances across a cell membrane.
What is Endocytosis?
A small portion of the cell membrane buds inward, entrapping particles.
