Chapter 4: The Integumentary System Flashcards
(31 cards)
What are the functions of the integumentary/skin/membrane system?
- Physical protection
- Regulation of body temperature
- Excretion
- Nutrition
- Sensation
- Coordinates immune defense
What are the two main components of the skin?
- Cutaneous membrane
- Accessory structures
What are the two components of the cutaneous membrane?
- Dermis
- Epidermis
What are the two layers of the dermis and what are their functions?
- Papillary layer: nourishes and supports the epidermis
- Reticular layer: retains spread of pathogens, stores lipids, attaches skin to deeper tissues, contains blood vessels which assist in thermoregulation
List the six functions of the epidermis.
- Protects dermis from trauma/chemicals
- Controls skin permeability
- Prevents water loss
- Prevents entry of pathogens
- Makes vitamin D
- Contains sensory receptors that detect touch, pressure, pain, and temperature
Name the 3 accessory structures.
- Hair
- Nails
- Glands
What are the 3 functions of glands?
- help to regulate temperature
- excrete waste
- lubricate epidermis
What layer of the skin is made of keratinized stratified squamous epithelial tissue?
Epidermis
Cells that contain nerve receptors and allow for touch
Merkel cells
List layer of the epidermis in order from bottom to top.
- stratum básale/germinativum
- stratum spinosum
- stratum granulosum
- stratum lucidium (clear layer found in thick skin)
- stratum corneum
Which layer of the epidermis protects against light, heat, bacteria, and chemicals?
Stratum Corneum
Where do kerotinocytes originate?
Stratum Basale/germinativum
Another word for stem cells
Basal cells
Melanocytes and merkel cells are found in which layer of the epidermis?
Stratum basal/germinativum
Keratinocytes are tied together by…
Desmosomes and tonofibrils
What type of cells are found in the stratum spinosum?
Keratinocytes and langerhans
Stem cells differentiate into kerotinocytes in the…
Stratum spinosum
Keratinocytes displace from the stratum spinosum and begin to die in which layer of the epidermis?
Stratum granulosum
Layer of epidermis that is cornified (surface cells become large and flattened, with small or absent nuclei)
Stratum cornium
Which two structures make up digit prints?
- epidermal ridges
- dermal papillae
Layer of the dermis that is made of loose connective tissue
Papillary layer
What layer of the epidermis contains capillaries and nerves?
Papillary layer
True or false, the reticular layer of the dermis is made of loose connective tissue
False, it’s made of dense irregular connective tissue
Blood vessels, hair follicles, and sebaceous glands are found in what layer of the dermis?
Reticular layer
