Chapter 4 - The War at Sea & Gallipoli

Question 1

When was the Battle of Heligoland Bight

Answer 1

28 August 1914

Question 2

Why did the British make a plan which lead to the Battle of Heligoland Bight

Answer 2

British officers noticed Germans patrolling the North sea for British shipping at night.

Question 3

What was the British plan which lead to the Battle of Heligoland Bight

Answer 3

Catch German destroyers before they reached port in the morning

Question 3

What was the British Squadron made of during the Battle of Heligoland Bight

Answer 3

31 Destroyers
2 Light cruisers
8 Submarines

Question 4

What casualties were there during the battle of Heligoland Bight?
British + German
Human and Navy

Answer 4

British - 75 casualties
1 light cruiser + 3 destroyers damaged

German - 1,240 casualties + 330 taken prisoner
3 light cruisers + 1 destroyer sunk
3 more light cruisers badly damaged

Question 5

Where were the German Raids on

Answer 5

Great Yarmouth - 3 Nov. 1914
Scarborough, Whitby and Hartlepool - 16 Dec. 1914

Question 6

When was the Raid on Great Yarmouth

Answer 6

3 November 1914

Question 7

Casualties caused by the raid on Great Yarmouth
B+G

Answer 7

British - 1
German - 235
+ battle cruiser
(because they hit (their own) underwater mines)

Question 8

Despite the German losses why did they see the raid on Great Yarmouth as a victory?

Answer 8

Ger. saw how easy it was to reach British coast

Question 9

When were the raids on Scarborough, Whitby and Hartlepool

Answer 9

16 Dec. 1914

Question 10

What did Germany hope when raiding Scarborough, Whitby and Hartlepool

Answer 10

To draw out the British Fleet

Question 11

How were the British prepared for the raids on Scarborough, Whitby and Hartlepool

Answer 11

They decoded German Messages between ships

Question 12

How long were the raids on Scarborough, Whitby and Hartlepool

Answer 12

little more than 50 minutes in total

Question 13

How many shells were fired during the raids on Scarborough, Whitby and Hartlepool

Answer 13

1,000 +

Question 14

Damage caused on Britain due to the raids on Scarborough, Whitby and Hartlepool

Answer 14

• Destruction of property
• 100+ people killed

Question 15

How did the British use the raids on Scarborough, Whitby and Hartlepool as propaganda?

Answer 15

They acted on the fear and the anger that the civilians of Britain were so easily attacked.
This encouraged men to enlist

Question 16

When did the battle of Dogger Bank take place?

Answer 16

24 Jan. 1915

Question 17

Due to confused signals, which ship was solely targeted during the battle of Dogger Bank

Answer 17

the Bluecher

Question 18

Casualties after the battle of Dogger Bank? men + ships
British + German

Answer 18

B - 15 men killed
no ships lost

G - 950+ men killed
one battle cruiser

Question 19

When was the Battle of Jutland?

Answer 19

31 May - 1 June 1916

Question 20

What was the surprise attack of the Battle of Jutland?

Answer 20

A confrontation both sides had feared

Question 21

Why was the Battle of Jutland not a surprise for the British Navy?

Answer 21

They had decoded German signals

Question 22

How many ships and men were there in the Battle of Jutland all together?

Answer 22

259 warships
100,000 men

Question 23

What were the men and ship casualties in the Battle of Jutland?
British + German

Answer 23

B - 6,000 lives
14 ships

G - 2,500 lives
9 ships

Question 24

Why did both sides claim victory after the Battle of Jutland?

Answer 24

B - Germany never left port again due to fears about its ships being damaged. Therefore Britain still had control over the North Sea G - Sunk more ships and killed more men than B

Question 25

Germany announced that all merchant ships entering or leaving British waters would be destroyed. When?

Answer 25

4 February 1915

Question 26

How many U-boats did Germany have? How many merchant ships entered and left British ports in a week? How many merchant ships were actually sunk in 1915?

Answer 26

21 15,000 4%

Question 27

What was the problem of the German unrestricted submarine warfare?

Answer 27

They may hit a neutral countries boat This would bring that country into the war on the allies side

Question 28

What US passenger ship did the German U-boats sink?

Answer 28

Lusitania

Question 29

By 1917 how large was the German U-boat fleet?

Answer 29

almost 200

Question 30

What anti-U-boat measure were set up by the British?

Answer 30

Huge minefields Depth charges Convoy systems - merchant boats were flanked by the Royal Navy Q-ships - armed but disguised as merchant ships

Question 31

How successful were the anti-U-boat measures?

Answer 31

- 20 / 63 U-boats were destroyed after hitting a mine in 1917 - Depth charges destroyed 5 in 1915 but 22 in 1917 - Only 1% of Convoy ships were sunk - Q-ships were responsible for 10% of all U-boats sunk

Question 32

When was the Lusitania sunk

Answer 32

1 May 1915

Question 33

What were the casualties of the sinking of the Lusitania

Answer 33

1,200 out of 1960 passengers drowned 128 of those were American (neutral country - may have caused the to join later on)

Question 34

It was suspected that the Lusitania was carrying what? And what was found?

Answer 34

War materials: - nearly 5,000 boxes of cartridges - 1,200 shrapnel shells - 18 cases of fuses for shells

Question 35

When was the Gallipoli Campaign?

Answer 35

19 Feb 1915 – 9 Jan 1916

Question 36

Reasons for the Gallipoli Campaign?

Answer 36

- Turkey joined the war on Ger + A-H side - Turkey had control over the Dardanelles - The Dardanelles was the access into the Black Sea for Russian Ships - Russian ships were trapped

Question 37

Who planned the Gallipoli Campaign?

Answer 37

Winston Churchill

Question 38

What was the plan for the Gallipoli Campaign

Answer 38

- Naval Bombardment attack Gallipoli peninsula - Get rid of Turkish forts which were guarding the Dardanelles - Win control over the Gallipoli peninsula and the Dardanelles

Question 39

On the 18th of March the main attack of Gallipoli was launched - what were the casualties and ship destructions?

Answer 39

300 sailors drowned 3 battleships were blown up

Question 40

When was the main attack at Gallipoli launched?

Answer 40

18th of March 1915

Question 41

When did British and Anzac soldiers invade the Gallipoli peninsula?

Answer 41

25 April 1915

Question 42

Why were the soldiers and navy not prepared for their attack onto the Gallipoli peninsula?

Answer 42

- no experience on landing on enemy beaches - most of the beaches were below cliffs and high rising land - they had no up-to-date maps and only visitor guides

Question 43

Key Features of the Gallipoli Campaign

Answer 43

- Little experience and preparation - Turks were prepared for the attack - They used old Ottoman forts - Anzac Cove was established as the Anzac soldiers were not able to move inland

Question 44

How many soldiers took place in the Gallipoli Campaign?

Answer 44

480,000 allied soldiers

Question 45

What were the allied casualties?

Answer 45

252,000 casualties (deaths and injuries)

Question 46

What kind of illnesses spread during the Gallipoli campaign?

Answer 46

Typhoid Dysentery Diarrhoea

Question 47

How many soldiers were affect by the diseases? Allied + Turkish

Answer 47

145,000 British 64,000 Turkish

Question 48

Was the Gallipoli a success for the Allies?

Answer 48

No, the Dardanelles were still closed to Russian ships - faced prospect of slow starvation The stalemate on the Western Front was still not broken. - Troops were moved away from the Western Front where they were most desperately needed.

Question 49

How many troops were evacuated from Gallipoli

Answer 49

135,000

Question 50

How many guns were evacuated from Gallipoli?

Answer 50

300

Question 51

What impacts were there on General Hamilton and Winston Churchill

Answer 51

Hamilton - 'He came, he saw, he capitulated (surrendered) - removed from his position Churchill - forced to resign as First Lord of the Admiralty - career was damaged