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A&P I > Chapter 4 (Tissue, Cell Types and Adhesions & Glands > Flashcards

Chapter 4 (Tissue, Cell Types and Adhesions & Glands Flashcards

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1
Q

what are the three types of embryonic tissues

A
  1. ectoderm
  2. mesoderm
  3. endoderm
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2
Q

there are three types of embryonic tissues
name them in order and list fxn

A
  1. ectoderm - nervous system lining special senses oral and anal mucosa
  2. mesoderm - cardiovascular, muscle, bone, adipose
  3. endoderm - GI track mucosa, urogenital tract and respiratory
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3
Q

what are the four primary tissue classes

A
  1. epithelial
  2. connective tissue
  3. muscular tissue
  4. nervous tissue
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4
Q

what characterizes an organ

A

composed of 2 or more tissue types

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5
Q

tissue is what

A

similar cells and cell products

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6
Q

what are the three differences between tissue types

A
  1. types and functions of cells
  2. characteristics of extracellular material/matrix
  3. space occupied by cells versus matrix
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7
Q

what are the types of tissue sections - 3

A
  1. longitudinal - cut along longest direction of organ
  2. cross section - tissue cut perpendicular to length of organ
  3. oblique section - cut at an angle between cross and longitudinal section
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8
Q

what are three ways of preparation of histological specimens

A
  1. fixation prevents decay
  2. sliced into thin sections one or two cells thick
  3. mounted on slides and colored with histological stain
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9
Q

what are two types of hollow sectioning types

A
  1. cross section
  2. longitudinal
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10
Q

what are the 9 types of cell shapes

A
  1. squamous
  2. polygonal
  3. cuboidal
  4. columnar
  5. spheroid
  6. discoid
  7. stellate
  8. fusiform spindle shape
  9. fibrous
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11
Q

what is a tight junction

A

encircle the cell joining to surrounding cells

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12
Q

what’s an example of a tight junction

A

prevents passage between the GI cells and the urinary tract cells

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13
Q

what’s a gap junction

A

ring of transmembrane proteins a water filled channel

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14
Q

whats an example of a gap junction

A

embryos

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15
Q

what is desmosomes

A

patches between cells holding them together

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16
Q

whats an example of where desmosomes can be found

A

in the uterus

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17
Q

what are the words to describe types of tissue (2 words)

A

simple, stratified

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18
Q

what are two characteristics of stratified epithelial

A
  1. contains one layer of cells
  2. named by shape of cells
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19
Q

what are two characteristics of stratified epithelium

A
  1. contains more than one layer
  2. named by shape of apical cells
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20
Q

what are four characteristics of simple squamous epithelium

A
  1. single row of flat cells
  2. permits diffusion of substances
  3. secretes serous fluid
  4. Aveoli, glomeruli, endothelium, and serosa
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21
Q

what are three two characteristics of simple cuboidal and where it can be found

A
  1. single row cube-shaped cells with microvilli
  2. absorption and secretion, mucus production
    Liver, thyroid, mammary, and salivary glands
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22
Q

what are two characteristics of simple columnar epithelium and where it can be found

Study These Flashcards
A
  1. single row tail, narrow cells
    absorption and secretion; mucus secretion
    found in the lining of the GI tract, uterus, kidney
23
Q

what are two characteristics of pseudostratified epithelium

Study These Flashcards
A
  1. single row of cells some not reaching free surface
  2. secretes and propels respiratory mucus
24
Q

what are four characteristics of startified epithelia

Study These Flashcards
A
  1. more than one layer of cells
  2. named for shape of surface cells
  3. deepest cells on basement membrane
  4. variations
25
what is keratinized stratified squamous
multilayered epithelium covered with dead squamous cells, packed with keratin
26
nonkeratinized stratified squamous
multilayered surface epithelium forming moist, slipery layer
27
where can nonkeratinized stratified squamous found
tongue, oral mucosa, esophagus
28
what is stratified cuboidal epithelium
two or more cell layers
29
where can stratified cuboidal epithelium found
sweat gland ducts, ovarian follicles
30
what is stratified columnar epithelium
rare two or more layers of columnar cells
31
where can stratified columnar epithelium found
male urethra, uterus
32
what is transitional epithelium
multilayered epithelium surface cells that change from round to flat when stretched
33
where can you find transitional epithelium
ureter and bladder
34
what are glands
glands consist of one or more cells that secrete specific product
35
what is an exocrine glands
exocrine glands connect surface with a duct such as an epithelial tube
36
what is an endocrine gland
secrete hormones directly into bloodstream
37
mixed organs do both what are three examples
1. liver 2. gonads 3. pancreas
38
cell number has two types what are they
unicellular and multicellular
39
what are unicellular exocrine glands
are mucous and goblet cells
40
multicellular exocrine glands are classified by
structure, mode of secretion
41
what is secretion
a process of releasing product which is usually water-based fluid containing proteins
42
what are the four types of glands
1. serous glands 2. mucous glands 3. mixed glands 4. cytogenic glands
43
what are two differences between serous and mucous glands
1. serous produce thin, watery secretions 2. Mucous glands produce mucin that absorbs water to form a sticky secretion called mucus
44
what can mixed glands contain
contain both cell types
45
cytogenic glands release
whole cells such as egg and sperm cells
46
within the exocrine gland structure, what are three key features
1. stroma - capsule and septa divide gland into lobes and lobules 2. parenchyma - cells that secrete 3. acinus - cluster of cells surrounding the duct draining those cells
47
what's a feature of holocrine secretion
1. secretory cells disintegrate to deliver their accumulated product and is the oil-producing glands of the scalp
48
merocrine secretion release
their product by exocystosis through tears, gastric glands
49
apocrine secretion
visicles are produced by budding off plasma membrane of the secretory cell such as mammary glands and breast milk
50
membrane types (3)
cutaneous membrane - skin synovial membrane lines joint cavities - connective tissue layer serous membrane serosa internal membrane
51
what are 3 types of mucous membranes
1. epithelium 2. lamina 3. propria 4. muscularis mucosae
52
what is the job of mucous traps
they trap and remove foreign particles and bacteria
52
where are mucous membranes
they line passageways that open to the exterior

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