Chapter 4 Tissues Flashcards
(143 cards)
1
Q
_____have groups of cells with a common embryonic origin that functions together to carry out_____activities?
A
_ Tissues
_ Specialized
2
Q
Tissues have various types ranging from_____to_____to_____?
A
_ Hard (bone)
_ Semi Hard (Cartilage)
_ Liquid (blood)
3
Q
Science that deals with the study of tissues is called?
A
Histology
4
Q
A_____specialize in laboratory studies of cells and tissues for diagnosis?
A
Pathologist
5
Q
With cell junctions this is between the plasma membranes of tissue cells?
A
Contact Points
6
Q
5 most common types of cell junctions?
A
_ Tight Junctions
_ Gap Junctions
_ Adherens Junctions
_ Hemidesmosomes
_Desmosomes
7
Q
This junction fuse cells together and seal off passageways between adjacent cells?
A
Tight Junctions
8
Q
Tight junctions are common in the_____/_____/and_____ _____/ and prevents passage of substances between cells?
A
_ Stomach
_ Intestines
_ Urinary Bladder
9
Q
This junction connects neighboring cells by tunnels called connexons?
A
Gap Junctions
10
Q
With Junctions this is separated by gap (space)?
A
Plasma Membranes
11
Q
Gap junctions permit_____communication between cells?
A
Rapid
12
Q
4 types of tissue?
A
_ Epithelial Tissue
_ Connective Tissue
_ Muscular Tissue
_ Nervous Tissue
13
Q
This type of tissue/ covers body surfaces/ lines systems and forms glands?
A
Epithelial Tissues
14
Q
This type of tissue is the most common and it protects/ supports/ and binds organs?
A
Connective Tissue
15
Q
This type of tissue generates physical force needed to make body structures move and generate body heat?
A
Muscular Tissue
16
Q
This type of tissue detects body changes and responds by generating nerve impulses?
A
Nervous Tissue
17
Q
This type tissue consists of cells arranged in continuous sheets; single or multiple layers?
A
Epithelial Tissue
18
Q
With epithelial tissue/ cells are_____packed and held_____together?
A
_ Closely
_ Tightly
19
Q
What are the 3 major functions of the epithelial tissue?
A
_ Selective Barrier Regulates Movement of Materials in an out of Body
_ Secretes (releases) Products onto Free (top) Surfaces
_ Protects Surfaces against Environment
20
Q
Epithelial cell features?
A
_ Apical (free/top) Surface
_ Lateral Side Surface
_ Basal (bottom) Surface
_ Basement Membrane
21
Q
With the epithelial cell features/ this faces body surface/ cavity/ or duct?
A
Apical (free/top) Surface
22
Q
With the epithelial cell features/ what is between epithelium and connective tissue layer/ and is the point of attachment overlying epithelial tissue?
A
Basement Membrane
23
Q
Epithelial tissues have a_____supply and is_____/ with a_____rate of cell division for renewal and repair?
A
_ Nerve
_ Avascular
_ High
24
Q
When epithelial tissue lacks its own blood vessels/ and the blood vessels in underlining connective tissue deliver nutrients and eliminate waste is called what?
A
Avascular
25
2 types of epithelial tissue?
_ Covering and Lining Epithelium
_ Glandular Epithelium
26
This type of epithelial tissue is the outer covering of skin and it lines the systems?
Covering and Lining Epithelium
27
This type of epithelial tissue forms cells that secrete products?
Glandular Epithelium
28
Covering and lining epithelium is classified according to?
_ Number of Cell Layers
_ Shape of Cells
29
With covering and lining epithelium/ one or more layers depending on function defines?
Number of Cell Layers
30
With covering and lining epithelium/ a single layer of cells the same height defines?
Simple Epithelium
31
With covering and lining epithelium a single layer/ but appears to have multiple layers with tall and short cells define?
Pseudostratified Epithelium
32
With covering and lining epithelium/ 2 or more layers of cells that protect underlying tissues in areas of wear and tear defines?
Stratified Epithelium
33
With covering and lining epithelium what are the cell shapes?
_ Squamous
_ Cuboidal
_ Columnar
_ Transitional
34
Squamous cell shapes are?
Flat Shaped
35
Cuboidal cell shapes are?
Cube Shaped
36
Columnar cell shapes are?
Tall Column Shaped
37
Transitional cell shapes are?
Cells That Change Shapes
38
Name the simple epithelium types with single rows?
_ Simple Squamous Epithelium
_ Simple Cuboidal Epithelium
_ Simple Columnar Epithelium
_ Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelium
39
Which simple epithelium type has a single layer of flat cells?
Simple Squamous Epithelium
40
2 types of simple squamous epithelium?
_ Endothelium
_ Mesothelium
41
Which type of simple squamous epithelium lines heart/ and blood vessels?
Endothelium
42
Which type of simple squamous epithelium forms organ coverings?
Mesothelium
43
Which simple epithelium type has a single layer of cube shaped cells?
Simple Cuboidal Epithelium
44
Which simple epithelium type has a single layer of column shaped cells?
Simple Columnar Epithelium
45
2 types of simple columnar epithelium?
_ Nonciliated
_ Ciliated
46
Which type of simple columnar epithelium is located in the urine tubes and respiratory tract?
Ciliated
47
Which type of simple epithelium has a single layer but appears to have multiple layers that are tall and short cells?
Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelium
48
What type of epithelium has multiple (2 or more) layers of cells?
Stratified Epithelium
49
The type of stratified epithelium depends on the_____of the cells at the_____(___) layer?
_ Shape
_ Apical (top)
50
Stratified squamous epithelium has a_____top?
Flat
51
Stratified cuboidal epithelium has a_____top?
Cubed
52
Stratified columnar epithelium has a_____top?
Column
53
Types of stratified epithelium?
_ Stratified Squamous Epithelium
_ Stratified Cuboidal Epithelium
_ Stratified Columnar Epithelium
_ Transitional Epithelium
54
This stratified epithelium has multiple layers of cells with flat cells at the apical layer?
Stratified Squamous Epithelium
55
Which stratified epithelium type is where new cells are pushed toward surface further from blood supply/ then dehydrate and die?
Stratified Squamous Epithelium
56
2 types of stratified squamous epithelium?
- Keratinized
- Nonkeratinized
57
Which type of stratifed squamous epithelium is the top layer of the skin and protects and waterproofs skin?
- Keratinized
58
The stratified _____ epithelum is a rare type of epithelium/ and has _____ shaped cells.
- Cuboidal
- Cube
59
This stratified epithelium has columnar cells in the apical layer?
- Stratified Columnar Epithelium
60
This stratified epithelium type is located only in the urinary system?
- Transitional Epithelium
61
With transitional epithelium/ cells _____ shapes upon stretching/ and become _____/ and permits _____.
- Change
- Flaltened (squamous)
- Distention (stretching)
62
2 types of glandular epithelium.
- Endocrine Glands
- Exocrine Glands
63
Which glandular epithelium is where hormone secretions are released directly into bloodstream?
- Endocrine Glands
64
Which glandular epithelium is where products are released into ducts (sweat and salivary glands)?
- Exocrine Glands
65
Functional classification of exocrine glands are based on?
- How Product Is Secreted
66
What are the 3 type of functional classification of exocrine glands?
- Merocrine
- Apocrine
- Holocrine
67
Which functional classification of exocrine glands has secretion by exocytosis/ and is the most common like sweat and salivary?
- Merocrine
68
Which functional classification of exocrine gland is the apical portion of cell secreted?
- Apocrine
69
Which functional classification of exocrine glands is where the entire cell is secreated/ sebaceous (oil) glands?
- Holocrine
70
This type of tissue is the most abundant and widely distributed tissue?
- Connective Tissue
71
What are the 5 functions of connective tissue?
_ Binds Tissue Together
_ Supports and Strengthens Tissue
_ Transports Materials (blood)
_ Energy Reserves and Immune Responses
_ Protects and Insulates Internal Organs
72
2 parts of connective tissue?
_ Extracellular Matrix
_ Cells
73
With connective tissue this is the material between cells; fibers and ground substance?
Matrix
74
All connective tissue is vascular and supplied with nerves except_____?
Cartilage
75
Extracellular matrix of connective tissue has 2 parts?
_ Ground Substance
_ Fibers
76
What part of the extracellular matrix is between cells and fibers and can be hard/ semi hard/ or fluid/ and is a medium that permits exchange of materials between blood and cells?
Ground Substance
77
What type of fibers are in the extracellular matrix of connective tissue?
_ Collagen Fibers
_ Elastic Fibers
_ Reticular Fibers
78
Which fiber in the matrix of connective tissue strengthens tissue?
Collagen Fibers
79
Which fiber in the matrix of connective tissue has elasticity and has the ability to return to their original shape upon stretching?
Elastic Fibers
80
6 Types of connective tissue cells?
_ Fibroblast
_ Adipocytes (fat cells)
_ Mast Cells
_ White Blood Cells
_ Macrophages
_ Plasma Cells
81
These connective tissue cells secrete fibers and ground substances/ and are immature?
Fibroblasts
82
These connective tissue cells store triglycerides (fat)?
Adipocytes (fat cells)
83
These connective tissue cells produce histamine; vasodilator?
Mast Cells
84
These connective tissue cells is for immune response?
White Blood Cells
85
These connective tissue cells engulf debris by phagocytosis?
Macrophages
86
These connective tissue cells secrete antibodies?
Plasma Cells
87
What are the 2 classifications of connective tissue?
_ Embryonic Connective Tissue
_ Mature Connective Tissue
88
Which classification of connective tissue is before birth?
Embryonic Connective Tissue
89
2 types of embryonic connective tissue?
_ Mesenchyme
_ Mucus Connective Tissue
90
Which classification of connective tissue is afterbirth?
Mature Connective Tissue
91
What are the 5 types of mature connective tissue?
_ Loose
_ Dense
_ Cartilage
_ Bone
_ Liquid Connective Tissue
92
With mature connective tissue what type has fewer fibers and many cells/ like areolar/ adipose/ and reticular?
Loose Connective Tissue
93
With mature connective tissue what type has many fibers and fewer cells/ like dense regular/ dense irregular/ and elastic?
Dense Connective Tissue
94
With mature connective tissue what type is hyaline/ fibrocartilage/ and elastic cartilage?
Cartilage
95
With mature connective tissue what type is blood and lymph?
Liquid Connective Tissue
96
Which type of embryonic connective tissue forms all other connective tissue?
Mesenchyme
97
Which type of embryonic connective tissue is the umbilical cord?
Mucus Connective Tissue
98
Which type of loose connective tissue contain several types of cells and all 3 types of fiber?
Areolar
99
Which type of loose connective tissue contains adipocytes and is used for insulation and energy reserves?
Adipose
100
Which type of loose connective tissue forms framework of liver/ spleen/ and lymph nodes/ and contain the same type of fibers?
Reticular
101
Which type of dense connective tissue has bundles of collagen fibers arranged in parallel patterns that strengthens tissue and are found in tendons and ligaments?
Dense Regular
102
Which type of dense connective tissue has collagen fibers arranged randomly that are located in tissues and pulled in many directions like the skin and heart?
Dense Irregular
103
Which dense connective tissue has elastic fibers that stretch and recoil back to their original shape/ like in the lungs and blood vessels?
Elastic
104
This mature connective tissue is semi hard with a matrix surrounding chondrocytes with no blood vessels (avascular) or nerves (connective tissue exception)?
Cartilage
105
Cartilage has semi hard matrix surrounding_____?
Chondrocytes (cartilage cells)
106
What are the 3 types of cartilage?
_ Hyaline
_ Fibrocartilage
_ Elastic
107
With cartilage what type is most abundant and provides flexibility/ support and reduces friction with joints?
Hyaline Cartilage
108
With cartilage what type is the strongest like intervertebral disc?
Fibrocartilage
109
With cartilage what type has chondrocytes located within elastic fibers and provides elasticity/ like the external ear?
Elastic Cartilage
110
Cartilage grows and repairs_____and it is_____?
_ Slowly
_ Avascular
111
What are the 2 patterns of growth with cartilage?
_ Interstitial Growth
_ Appositional Growth
112
Which of the 2 patterns of growth of cartilage has growth in length?
Interstitial Growth
113
Which of the 2 patterns of growth of cartilage has growth in width?
Appositional Growth
114
Which type of connective tissue has extracellular matrix that surrounds osteocytes?
Bone (osseous) Tissue
115
2 types of bone tissue?
_ Compact
_ Spongy
116
Which type of connective tissue is blood and lymph and has a liquid extracellular matrix?
Liquid Connective Tissue
117
Sheets of tissue that cover or line structures are?
Membranes
118
2 types of membranes?
_ Epithelial Membranes
_ Synovial Membranes
119
Which type of membrane is a combination of epithelium and underlying connective tissue layers and has 3 types?
Epithelial Membranes
120
Which type of membrane line joints and contain only connective tissue but not epithelium?
Synovial Membranes
121
3 types of epithelial membranes?
_ Mucous Membranes
_ Serous Membranes (serosa)
_ Cutaneous Membranes (skin)
122
Which type of epithelial membrane lines systems that open directly to exterior/ like the digestive?
Mucous Membranes
123
Which type of epithelial membrane is organ coverings that do not open directly to exterior/ like the pleura and has 2 layers?
Serous Membranes (serosa)
124
2 types of layers with the serous membranes?
_ Visceral Layer
_ Parietal Layer
125
Which type of serous membrane layer is the inner layer that covers organs?
Visceral layer
126
Which type of serous membrane layer is that outer layer that attaches to cavity wall?
Parietal Layer
127
Which type of epithelial membrane covers entire surface of body and consist of epidermis (epithelium) and dermis (connective tissue)?
Cutaneous Membrane
128
Which type of epithelial membrane lines freely movable joints and lack epithelium and contain only connective tissue?
Synovial Membranes
129
3 types of muscle tissue?
_ Skeletal
_ Cardiac
_ Smooth
130
Which muscle type is usually attached to bones and are long/ cylindrical striated fibers (cells) and has voluntary (conscious) control?
Skeletal Muscles
131
Which muscle type is branched striated fibers that are joined by intercalated discs and has involuntary (without conscious) control?
Cardiac Muscle (heart wall)
132
Which muscle type are the walls of hollow organs like the stomach and intestines and have spindle shaped non-striated fibers and has involuntary control?
Smooth Muscles
133
What are the 2 types of cells in nervous tissue?
_ Neurons (nerve cells)
_ Neuroglia
134
With nervous tissue which type produce nerve impulses?
Neurons (nerve cells)
135
With nervous tissue which type support nervous system?
Neuroglia
136
Replaces worn out/ damaged/ or dead cells is defined as?
Tissue Repair (restoring homeostasis)
137
With tissue repair what are the 3 types of tissue?
_ Epithelial Tissue
_ Nervous Tissue
_ Fibrosis Tissue
138
With tissue repair which type of tissue has the highest renewal capacity?
Epithelial Tissue
139
With tissue repair which type of tissue has the poorest renewal capacity?
Nervous Tissue
140
With tissue repair which type of tissue has scar tissue formation where fibroblast rapidly synthesizes fibers in matrix?
Fibrosis Tissue
141
With tissue healing and aging/ tissues heal_____and leave less obvious scars in_____people?
_ Faster
_ Younger
142
With tissue healing and aging/ younger tissues have a better nutritional state/_____ supply/ and a higher_____rate?
_ Blood
_ Metabolic
143
With tissue healing and aging/_____ glucose/ changes in_____/ and elastic fibers contribute to the aging process?
_ Excessive
_ Collagen
