Chapter 4 Vocab

Question 1

monogenic

Answer 1

A trait caused by mutation in a single gene.

Question 2

mode of inheritance

Answer 2

The pattern in which a gene variant passes from generation to generation. It may be dominant or recessive, autosomal, or X- or Y-linked.

Question 3

autosomal dominant

Answer 3

The mode of inheritance in which one autosomal allele causes a phenotype. Such a trait can affect males and females and does not skip generations.

Question 4

autosomal recessive

Answer 4

The mode of inheritance in which two autosomal alleles are required to cause a phenotype. Such a trait can affect males and females and can skip generations.

Question 5

segregation

Answer 5

Mendel’s first law, which states that the alleles of a gene are distributed into separate gametes during meiosis.

Question 6

homozygous

Answer 6

Having two identical alleles of a gene.

Question 7

heterozygous

Answer 7

Having two different alleles of a gene.

Question 8

compound heterozygote

Answer 8

An individual with two different recessive alleles in the same gene

Question 9

wild type

Answer 9

The most common phenotype in a population for a particular gene.

Question 10

mutant

Answer 10

An allele that differs from the most common allele in a population and alters the phenotype

Question 11

Punnett square

Answer 11

A diagram that follows and combines parental gene contributions to offspring.

Question 12

test cross

Answer 12

Breeding an individual of unknown genotype with a homozygous recessive individual to deduce the unknown genotype from observing the traits of the offspring.

Question 13

consanguinity

Answer 13

Blood relatives having children together.

Question 14

monohybrid cross

Answer 14

A cross of two individuals who are heterozygous for a single gene

Question 15

dihybrid cross

Answer 15

Breeding individuals heterozygous for two traits