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Ap Chemistry > Chapter 4 Vocab > Flashcards

Chapter 4 Vocab Flashcards

1
Q

Aqueous Solution

A

A solution in which water is the dissolving medium or solvent

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2
Q

Polar Molecule

A

A molecule that has a permanent dipole moment

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3
Q

Hydration

A

The interaction between solute particles and water molecules

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4
Q

Solubility

A

The amount of a substance that dissolves in a given volume of solvent at a given temperature

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5
Q

Solute

A

A substance dissolved in a liquid to form a solution

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6
Q

Solvent

A

The dissolving medium in a solution

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7
Q

Electrical conductivity

A

The ability to conduct electrical current

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8
Q

Strong electrolyte

A

A material that, when dissolved in water, gives a solution that conducts an electric current very efficiently

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9
Q

Weak electrolyte

A

A material that, when dissolved in water, gives a solution that conducts only small electrical current

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10
Q

Nonelectrolyte

A

A substance that, when dissolved in water, gives a nonconducting solution

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11
Q

Acid

A

A substance that produces hydrogen ions in a solution; a proton donor

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12
Q

Strong acid

A

An acid that completely dissociates to produce an H+ ion and the conjugate base

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13
Q

Strong Base

A

A metal hydroxide salt that completely dissociates it’s ions in water

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14
Q

Weak acid

A

An acid that dissociates only slightly in aqueous solution

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15
Q

Weak base

A

A base that reacts with water to produce hydroxide ions to only a slight extent in aqueous solutions

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16
Q

Molarity

A

Moles of solute per volume of solution in liters

17
Q

Standard solution

A

A solution whose concentration is accurately known

18
Q

Dilution

A

The process of adding solvent to lower the concentration of solute in a solution

19
Q

Precipitation reaction

A

A reaction in which an insoluble substance forms and separates from the solution

20
Q

Precipitate

A

A solid made during a reaction

21
Q

Formula equation

A

An equation representing a reaction in a solution showing the reactants and products in undissociated form whether they are strong or weak electrolytes

22
Q

Complete ionic equation

A

An equation that shows all substances that are strong electrolytes as ions

23
Q

Spectator ions

A

Ions present in a solution that do not participate directly in a reaction

24
Q

Net ionic equation

A

An equation for a reaction in a solution where strong electrolytes are written as ions showing only those components that are directly involved in the chemical change

25
Q

Base

A

A substance that produces hydroxide ions in aqueous solutions; a proton acceptor

26
Q

Neutralization reaction

A

An Acid-Base reaction

27
Q

Volumetric analysis

A

A process involving titration of one solution with another

28
Q

Titration

A

A technique in which one solution is used to analyze another

29
Q

Stoichiometric Point (Equivalence point)

A

The point in a titration when enough titrant has been added to react exactly with the substance in a solution being titrated

30
Q

Indicator

A

A chemical that changes color and is used to mark the end point of a titration

31
Q

Endpoint

A

The point in a titration at which the indicator changes color

32
Q

Redox Reaction (Oxidation-Reduction)

A

A reaction in which one or more electrons are transferred

33
Q

Oxidation State

A

A concept that provides a way to keep track of electrons in oxidation-reduction reactions according to certain rules

34
Q

Oxidation

A

An increase in oxidation state (a loss of electrons)

35
Q

Reduction

A

A decrease in oxidation state (a gain of electrons)

36
Q

Oxidizing Agent (Electron Acceptor)

A

A reactant that accepts electrons from another reactant

37
Q

Reducing Agent (Electron Donor)

A

A reactant that donates electrons electrons to another substance to reduce the oxidation state of one of its atoms

Ap Chemistry (3 decks)

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