Chapter 4 Vocab

Question 1

Aqueous Solution

Answer 1

A solution in which water is the dissolving medium or solvent

Question 2

Polar Molecule

Answer 2

A molecule that has a permanent dipole moment

Question 3

Hydration

Answer 3

The interaction between solute particles and water molecules

Question 4

Solubility

Answer 4

The amount of a substance that dissolves in a given volume of solvent at a given temperature

Question 5

Solute

Answer 5

A substance dissolved in a liquid to form a solution

Question 6

Solvent

Answer 6

The dissolving medium in a solution

Question 7

Electrical conductivity

Answer 7

The ability to conduct electrical current

Question 8

Strong electrolyte

Answer 8

A material that, when dissolved in water, gives a solution that conducts an electric current very efficiently

Question 9

Weak electrolyte

Answer 9

A material that, when dissolved in water, gives a solution that conducts only small electrical current

Question 10

Nonelectrolyte

Answer 10

A substance that, when dissolved in water, gives a nonconducting solution

Question 11

Acid

Answer 11

A substance that produces hydrogen ions in a solution; a proton donor

Question 12

Strong acid

Answer 12

An acid that completely dissociates to produce an H+ ion and the conjugate base

Question 13

Strong Base

Answer 13

A metal hydroxide salt that completely dissociates it’s ions in water

Question 14

Weak acid

Answer 14

An acid that dissociates only slightly in aqueous solution

Question 15

Weak base

Answer 15

A base that reacts with water to produce hydroxide ions to only a slight extent in aqueous solutions

Question 16

Molarity

Answer 16

Moles of solute per volume of solution in liters

Question 17

Standard solution

Answer 17

A solution whose concentration is accurately known

Question 18

Dilution

Answer 18

The process of adding solvent to lower the concentration of solute in a solution

Question 19

Precipitation reaction

Answer 19

A reaction in which an insoluble substance forms and separates from the solution

Question 20

Precipitate

Answer 20

A solid made during a reaction

Question 21

Formula equation

Answer 21

An equation representing a reaction in a solution showing the reactants and products in undissociated form whether they are strong or weak electrolytes

Question 22

Complete ionic equation

Answer 22

An equation that shows all substances that are strong electrolytes as ions

Question 23

Spectator ions

Answer 23

Ions present in a solution that do not participate directly in a reaction

Question 24

Net ionic equation

Answer 24

An equation for a reaction in a solution where strong electrolytes are written as ions showing only those components that are directly involved in the chemical change

Question 25

Base

Answer 25

A substance that produces hydroxide ions in aqueous solutions; a proton acceptor

Question 26

Neutralization reaction

Answer 26

An Acid-Base reaction

Question 27

Volumetric analysis

Answer 27

A process involving titration of one solution with another

Question 28

Titration

Answer 28

A technique in which one solution is used to analyze another

Question 29

Stoichiometric Point (Equivalence point)

Answer 29

The point in a titration when enough titrant has been added to react exactly with the substance in a solution being titrated

Question 30

Indicator

Answer 30

A chemical that changes color and is used to mark the end point of a titration

Question 31

Endpoint

Answer 31

The point in a titration at which the indicator changes color

Question 32

Redox Reaction (Oxidation-Reduction)

Answer 32

A reaction in which one or more electrons are transferred

Question 33

Oxidation State

Answer 33

A concept that provides a way to keep track of electrons in oxidation-reduction reactions according to certain rules

Question 34

Oxidation

Answer 34

An increase in oxidation state (a loss of electrons)

Question 35

Reduction

Answer 35

A decrease in oxidation state (a gain of electrons)

Question 36

Oxidizing Agent (Electron Acceptor)

Answer 36

A reactant that accepts electrons from another reactant

Question 37

Reducing Agent (Electron Donor)

Answer 37

A reactant that donates electrons electrons to another substance to reduce the oxidation state of one of its atoms