Chapter 4 Vocab: Body Systems and related conditions Flashcards
(98 cards)
1
Q
Homostasis
A
Condition in which all of the body’s systems are working their best
2
Q
Metabolism
A
physical and chemical processes
3
Q
Dilate
A
widen
4
Q
Constrict
A
narrow
5
Q
Anterior/Ventral
A
Front of the body
6
Q
Posterior/Dorsal
A
Back of the body
7
Q
Superior
A
toward the head
8
Q
Inferfior
A
away from the head
9
Q
medial
A
toward the midline of the body
10
Q
lateral
A
to the side, away from the midline of the body
11
Q
proximal
A
closer to the torso
12
Q
distal
A
away from the torso
13
Q
Musculoskelatal System
A
Muscles, bones, ligaments, tendons, and cartilage
14
Q
Integumentary System
A
skin - largest organ/system in the body
15
Q
Atrophy
A
when muscles lose their mass, weakens
16
Q
contracture
A
muscle or tendon shortens
17
Q
Arthritis
A
inflammation that causes stiffness, pain and decreased joint mobility
18
Q
inflammation
A
swelling
19
Q
autoimmune illness
A
illness that causes the immune system to attack normal tissue in the body
20
Q
Rheumatoid arthritis
A
affects people of any age, joints become red, swollen, and very painful
21
Q
Osteoartritis - degenerative joint disease (djd)
A
affects elderly - usually affects weight bearing joints - hips and knees
22
Q
Osteoporosis
A
Condition in which bones lose density
23
Q
Menopause
A
the end of menstration - women don’t have period for 12 months
24
Q
Total hip replacements (THR)
A
Surgical replacement of the head of the long bone of the femur where it joins to the hip
25
Partial Weight bearing (PWB)
Resident can support some body weight on one or both legs
26
Non-weight bearing (NWB)
resident is unable to touch the floor or support any weight on one of both legs
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Full weight bearing (FWB)
Resident can support 100 of body on lets on a step - can still use crutches or walker
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Total knee replacement (TKR)
surgical replacement of the knee with a prosthetic knee - helps to relieve pain or restores motion
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Nervous system
Control and message center of the body - brain, spinal chord, and nerves throughout the body
30
Central Nervous System (CNS)
Brain and spinal chord
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Peripheral Nervous system (PNS)
nerves in the outer parts of the body
32
Cerebrovascular Accident (CVA) or stroke
When the blood supply to your brain is blocked, preventing oxygen to get to the brain
33
Ischemic stroke
most common type of stroke - the blood supply is blocked
34
Hemiplegia
paralysis on one side of the body
35
Hemiphasia
Weakness on one side of the body
36
expressive aphasia
Trouble communicating thoughts through speech or writting
37
receptive aphasia
difficulting understanding spoken or written words
38
emotional lability
inappropriate or unprovoked emotional responses - laughing, crying or anger
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dysphagia
difficulty swallowing
40
Speech impairment
residents who may not speak
41
Parkinsons disease
progressive, incurable disease, gets worse with time. Causes parts of the brain to degenerate, causes muscles to become stiff. Stooped posture and a shuffling walk
42
gait
walk
43
Multiple Sclerosis (S)
progressive disease which affects the central nervous system. The myelin sheath that covers the nerves, spinal cord and white matter of the brain to break down over time
44
Paraplegia
loss of function over lower body and legs
45
quadriplegia
Loss of function in legs, trunk and arms
46
Nervous System
sense organs; eyes, ears, nose, tongue and skin
47
Circulatory System
heart, blood vessels and blood - supplies food, oxygen, and hormons to cells
48
Hypertension (HTN)
high blood pressue = 130/80 and above
49
Diuretics
Medications that reduce fluid in the body
50
Coronary Artery Disease (CAD)
when blood vessels int he coronary arteries narrow
51
Angina Pectoris
when the heart muscle is not getting enough O2 - causes chest pain, pressure or discomfort
52
Myocardial Infarction (MI)
Heart attack - when blood flow to the heart muscle is blocked, oxygen and nutrients fail to reach cells in that area, and muscle cells die
53
Congestive heart failure (CHF)
When one or both sides of the heart stop pumping blood property
54
Peripheral Vascular Disease (PVD)
disease which the legs, feet, arms or hands do not have enough blood circulation
55
Respiratory System
taking in oxygen and removing carbon dioxide - inspiration and expiration
56
Inspiration
Breathing in oxygen
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Expiration
breathing out carbon dioxide
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Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)
trouble breathing over a long period of time: Chronic Bronchitis, and emphysema
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Chronic Bronchitis
imflammation of the bronchial lining - from cigarette smoking
60
Emphysema
chronic disease from chronic bronchitis and cigarette smoking
61
Urinary System
Eliminates waste products from body and maintains water balance within the body 2 kidneys, 2 ureters, 1 uniary bladder, urethra, and a meatus
62
Urinary Incontinence
inability to control the bladder - results in involuntary urination
63
Urinary Tract infection (UTI)
bacterial infection of the urethra, bladder, ureter or kidney
64
Gastrointestional System (GI)
Digestion, absorption, and elimination
65
Digestions
process of preparing food physically and chemically so it can be absorbed into the cells
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Absorption
is the transfer of nutrients to the cells
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Elimination
Process of expelling wastes not absorbed intot he cells
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Fecal incontinence
inability to control bowels, leading to involuntary passage of stool
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Constipation
inability to eliminate stool
70
Enema
specific amount of water and possible solution that is introduced into the colon to assist with stool elimination
71
Rectal Suppository
nitroglycerin that is given rectally to soften stool
72
Fecal Impaction
hard stool that is stuck int he rectum and cannot be expelled
73
Hemorrhoids
enlarged veins in the rectum
74
Diarrhea
frequent elimination of liquid or semi-liquid feces
75
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)
when stomach acid and liquid come up from the stomach into the esophagus - causing heartburn
76
Ostomy
Surgical creation of an opening from an area inside the body
77
Stoma
the opening of a ostomy
78
Endocrine System
1. Maintains homostasis through hormone secretion
2. Influence growth and development
3. maintain blood sugar levels
4. regulate levels of calcium and phosphate in the body
5. Resulates the body ability to reproduce
6. Determines how fast cells burn food for energy (metabolism)
79
Diabetes
When pancreas produces too little insulin or does not properly use insulin
80
Insulin
hormone that works to move glucose from blood and into the cells
81
Glucose
natural sugar
82
Pre-diabetes
one a person's blood glucose levels are above normal, but not high enough to be diabetic
83
Gestational Diabetes
high sugar levels in pregnant women
84
Reproductive System
system that allows human beings to reproduce
85
reproduce
create human life
86
Gonads
Sex glands
87
Vaginitis
Inflammation of the vagina
88
Benign Prostatic Hypertophy (BPH)
disorder common in men over 60, an enlarged prostate - putting pressue on urethra, causing frequent urination
89
Immune system
protects the body from disease-causin bacteria, viruses and microorganisms
90
Nonspecific Immunity
protects the body from disease in general
91
Specific Immunity
protects against a particular disease that is invading the body at any given time
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lympatic System
removes excess fluids and waste products from the body's tissues
93
Human immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)
attacks the body's immune systems
94
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS)
Caused by acquiring the HIV virus through blood or body fluids from an infected person
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Cancer
general term used to describe a disease which abnormal cells grow in an uncontrolled way
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Tumor
group of abnormally growing cells
97
Benign
not cancerous
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malignant
cancerous
