Chapter 40 Fluid And Electrolyte

Question 0

Acidosis

Answer 0

Condition characterized by a proportionate excess of hydrogen ions in the extracellular fluid, in which the pH falls below 7.35

Question 1

Acid

Answer 1

Substance containing a hydrogen ion that can be liberated or released

Question 2

Active transport

Answer 2

Movement of ions or molecules across cell membranes, usually against a pressure gradient and with the expenditure or metabolic energy

Question 3

Agglutinin

Answer 3

An antibody that that causes a clumping of specific antigens

Question 4

Alkalosis

Answer 4

Condition, characterized by a proportionate lack of hydrogen ions in the extracellular fluid concentration, in which the pH exceeds 7.45

Question 5

Anions

Answer 5

Ion that carries a negative electric charge

Question 6

Antibody

Answer 6

Immunoglobin produced by the body in response to specific antigen

Question 7

Antigen

Answer 7

Foreign material capable of inducing a a specific immune response

Question 8

Autologous transfusion

Answer 8

Occurs when a pt. Donates his or her own blood for a transfusion

Question 9

Base

Answer 9

Substances that can accept or trap a hydrogen ion; synonym for alkali

Question 10

Buffer

Answer 10

Substance that prevents body fluid from becoming overly acid alkaline

Question 11

Cation

Answer 11

Ion that carries a positive electric charge

Question 12

Colloid Osmotic Pressure

Answer 12

Pressure exerted u plasma proteins on permeable membranes in the body; synonym for oncotic pressure

Question 13

Cross-Matching

Answer 13

Act of determining the compatibility of two blood specimens

Question 14

Diffusion

Answer 14

Tendency of solutes to move freely throughout a solvent from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration until equilibrium is established

Question 15

Edema

Answer 15

Accumulation of fluid in extracellular spaces

Question 16

Electrolytes

Answer 16

Substance capable of breaking into ions and developing an electric charge when dissolved in solution

Question 17

Filtration

Answer 17

Passage of a fluid through a permeable membrane whose spaces do not allow certain solutes to pass; passage is from an area of higher pressure to one of lower pressure

Question 18

Hydrostatic Pressure

Answer 18

Force exerted by a fluid against the container wall

Question 19

Hypercalcemia

Answer 19

Excess of calcium in extracellular fluid

Question 20

Hyperkalemia

Answer 20

Excess of potassium in the extracellular fluid

Question 21

Hypermagnesemia

Answer 21

Excess of magnesium in the extracellular fluid

Question 22

Hypernatremia

Answer 22

Excess of sodium in the extracellular fluid

Question 23

Hyperphosphatemia

Answer 23

Above normal serum concentration of inorganic phosphorus

Question 24

Hypertonic

Answer 24

Having a greater concentration than the solution with which it is being compared

Question 25

Hypervolemia

Answer 25

Excess of plasma

Question 26

Ion

Answer 26

Atom or molecule carrying an electric charge in solution

Question 27

Isotonic

Answer 27

Having about the same concentration as the solution with which it is being compared

Question 28

Osmolarity

Answer 28

Concentration of particles in a solution , or a solutions pulling power

Question 29

Osmosis

Answer 29

Passage of a solvent through a semipermeable membrane from an area of lesser concentration to an area of greater concentration until equilibrium is established

Question 30

pH

Answer 30

Expression of hydrogen ion concentration and resulting acidity of substance Normal range is achieved through 3 major homeostatic regulators of hydrogen ions: Chemical buffer system Respiratory mechanism Revel mechanisms

Question 31

Solutes

Answer 31

Substance dissolved in a solution

Question 32

Solvents

Answer 32

Liquid holding a substance in solution

Question 33

Typing

Answer 33

Determining a persons blood type

Question 34

Total Body water

Answer 34

Refers to the amount of water which is 50% to 60% of body weight in a healthy person In which 35% - 40% is cell fluid 5% is plasma fluid 10% - 15% interstitial fluid

Question 35

Fluid loss

Answer 35

Sensible and insensible losses. Sensible loss can be measured include loss during urination(micturition), defecation, and wounds Insensible can't be measured or seen and include fluid lost from evaporation through the skin and as water vapor from the lungs during respiration

Question 36

Chemical buffer system

Answer 36

Three buffer system Carbonacid-sodium bicarbonate buffer system Phosphate buffer system Protein buffer system

Question 37

Body fluids

Answer 37

Provide a medium for transporting nutrients to cells and waste from cells. Transporting substances such as hormones, enzymes, blood platelets, and red & white blood cells throughout the body Facilitate cellular metabolism and proper cellular chemical functioning Act as a solvent for electrolytes and no electrolytes Help maintain normal body temperature Facilitate digestion and promote elimination Act as a tissue lubricant

Question 38

Intracellular / extracellular fluid

Answer 38

Intracellular all fluid within the cells making up 70% of the total body water or 40% of the adults body weight

Question 39

Transcellular Fluid

Answer 39

Is a third unusual minor, compartment is the Transcellular fluids. It includes cerebrospinal, pericardial, synovial, intraocular, and pleural fluids as well as sweat and digestive secretions

Question 40

Extracellular fluid

Answer 40

Extracellular is all the fluid outside the cells making up 30% of the total body water and 20% of the adults body weight. Can be found interstitial or intravascular Interstitial fluid that surrounds tissue cells and includes lymph Intravascular fluid or plasma is the liquid component of the blood

Question 41

Fluid Balance

Answer 41

A persons intake should normally be approximately balanced by output or fluid loss ranges from 1500mL - 3500mL

Question 42

Fluid losses

Answer 42

Sensible / insensible losses Sensible is through urination, defection, and wounds Insensible can't be measured or seen and include fluid lost from evaporation through skin and as water vapor from lungs during respiration

Question 43

Homeostatic mechanisms

Answer 43

Almost every organ in the body assist the body in the homeostatic balance. Kidneys filter 180L of plasma daily and excreting only 1.5L of urine selectively retain electrolytes. Cardiovascular pumping and carrying nutrients and water throughout the body.