Chapter 42 Test Flashcards
(47 cards)
Overall goal of O2 therapy
- maintain adequate tissue oxygenation
- minimizing cardiopulmonary work
Clinical objectives for O2 therapy
- correct documents or suspected acute hypoxemia
- decrease symptoms of chronic hypoxemia
- decrease workload of cardiopulmonary system
What is hypoxemia
low O2 levels in the blood
3 basic ways to know if patient needs O2 therapy
- ABGs or other lab measures
- patients specific clinical problem or condition such as exacerbation of asthma
- perform patient assessment to identify need for O2
Common Hazards for O2 therapy
- Fire hazard
- O2 toxicity
- Depression of Ventilation
- Retinopathy of Prematurity (ROP)
- Absorption Atelectasis
Fire Hazard
O2 is nonflammable but gas supports combustion
O2 toxicity
High levels of O2 in the blood
two factors to determine:
- PaO2
- exposure time
O2 toxicity “circle”
O2 toxicity > Increased shunting > Low PaO2 > Increased FiO2
Type I alveolar cells
where gas exchange occurs
Type II alveolar cells (septal cells)
secrete alveolar fluid (surfactant)
Alveolar dust cells
wandering macrophages remove debris
Depression of Ventilation
When SOME COPD patients are placed on high levels of O2, it suppresses their chemoreceptors which depresses ventilatory drive
Retinopathy of Prematurity
abnormal eye condition in premature or low-weight babies who receive supplemental O2
Absorption Atelectasis
Breathing high levels O2 quickly depletes N2 levels. as N2 decreases, venous gases decrease
AARC develop guidelines for each procedure
- indication
- contraindication
- precautions
- possible complications
Low Flow Device
referred as a variable performance device, low flow cannot meet patients inspiratory flow demand (variable)
Nasal Cannula Flow Rate and FiO2
1 lpm = 0.24
2 lpm = 0.28
3 lpm = 0.32
4 lpm = 0.36
5 lpm = 0.40
6 lpm = 0.44
Advantages of Nasal Cannula
- can be used on adults, children, and infants
- easy to use
- disposable
- doesn’t cost very much
- very well tolerated (eat, sleep)
Disadvantages of Nasal Cannula
- unstable, easily dislodged
- uncomfortable at high liter flow
- can cause dryness, bleeding, polyps
- mouth-breathing may reduce FiO2
Simple Mask Flow Rate and FiO2
5 lpm = 0.35
6-7 lpm = 0.40
8-9 lpm = 0.45
10 lpm = 0.50
Simple mask cannot go below ____ l/min or the patient may be at risk for CO2 retention
5 L/min
Advantages of using a simple mask
- can be used on adults, children, and infants
- quick and easy to apply
- disposable
- inexpensive
Disadvantages of using a simple mask
- uncomfortable, claustrophobia
- must be removed for eating
- prevents radiant heat loss
- risk of aspiration if patient vomits
- masks cannot be humidified
Partial Rebreather Mask Flow Rate and FiO2
10-11 lpm = 0.40-0.50
11-12 lpm = 0.50-0.60
12-13 lpm = 0.60-0.70
13-14 lpm = 0.70+
14-15 lpm = 0.70+
