Chapter 43

Question 1

What are the 2 exocrine glands?

Answer 1

The pancreas and the salivary glands

Question 2

What are acinar cells?

Answer 2

Specialized protein-synthesizing cells

Question 3

What are duct cells?

Answer 3

Epithelial cells that are specialized for fluid and electrolyte transport

Question 4

What are goblet cells?

Answer 4

Produce mucin in exocrine glands (pancreas, salivary glands)

Question 5

How is acinar cell secretion regulated?

Answer 5

Cholecystokinin and muscarinic receptors

Question 6

What is the major second messenger system that controls secretion from acinar cells?

Answer 6

Ca2+

Question 7

What are the 4 second messenger systems of acinar cells?

Answer 7

Ca2+, cAMP, cGMP, and effectors

Question 8

In addition to proteins, what else do acinar cells secrete?

Answer 8

A plasma-like fluid

Question 9

The pancreatic duct cell secretes?

Answer 9

Secretes isotonic NaHCO3

Question 10

Secretin works through which second messenger system in the pancreatic duct cell?

Answer 10

cAMP

Question 11

Acetylcholine works through which second messenger system in the pancreatic duct cell?

Answer 11

Ca2+

Question 12

Secretin and acetylcholine both stimulate what end result in the pancreatic duct cell?

Answer 12

HCO3- secretion

Question 13

Which channels on the apical border of the pancreatic duct cell is important for neurohormonal regulation?

Answer 13

Chloride channels

Question 14

What else can pancreatic duct cells secrete besides isotonic bicarbonate?

Answer 14

Glycoproteins

Question 15

What is pancreatic juice?

Answer 15

A protein-rich, alkaline-rich solution

Question 16

In the fasting state, the concentrations of pancreatic enzymes ___?

Answer 16

Oscillate at low levels

Question 17

Duodenal I cells secrete what?

Answer 17

Cholecystokinin

Question 18

Cholecystokinin from duodenal I cells stimulate what?

Answer 18

Enzyme secretion by the acini cells

Question 19

S cells secrete what?

Answer 19

Secretin

Question 20

Secretin secretion from S cells stimulates what?

Answer 20

HCO3- and fluid secretion by the duct cells

Question 21

A meal triggers what 3 phases?

Answer 21

1. Cephalic phase
2. Gastric phase
3. Intestinal phase

Question 22

The digestive enzymes in the pancreas digest what food molecules?

Answer 22

Carbohydrates and proteins, but not lipids

Question 23

What can inhibit pancreatic secretion?

Answer 23

Fat that enters the distal part of the small intestine

Question 24

What are the two most important neural pathways for acinar cell secretion?

Answer 24

Cholinergic and adrenergic neural pathways

Question 25

What two second messenger systems stimulate acinar cell secretion?

Answer 25

cAMP and Ca2+

Question 26

What do salivary duct cells produce?

Answer 26

Hypotonic fluid that is rich in KHCO3 and poor in NaCl

Question 27

Salivary cells can secrete and also reuptake what?

Answer 27

Proteins

Question 28

Parasympathetic stimulation of salivary cells causes what?

Answer 28

Decreases Na+ reabsorption

Question 29

What happens when salivary cells are stimulated by aldosterone?

Answer 29

Increases in Na+ reabsoprtion

Question 30

Based on protein concentrations of saliva, what are the 3 types of secretions from salivary cells?

Answer 30

Serous, seromucous, or mucous

Question 31

What is the composition of saliva when there is low flow rate?

Answer 31

Hypotonic and rich in K+

Question 32

What is the composition of saliva when there is a high flow rate?

Answer 32

Plasma level tonicities

Question 33

Salivary secretion increases with sympathetic or parasympathetic stimulation?

Answer 33

Parasympathetic stimulation